{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T20:29:59Z","timestamp":1774556999660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,9]],"date-time":"2010-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed a package for disposable glucose sensor chips using Parylene encapsulation of a glucose oxidase solution in the liquid phase and a cover structure made of an ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive. Parylene was directly deposited onto a small volume (1 \u03bcL) of glucose oxidase solution through chemical vapor deposition. The cover and reaction chamber were constructed on Parylene film using a UV-curable adhesive and photolithography. The package was processed at room temperature to avoid denaturation of the glucose oxidase. The glucose oxidase solution was encapsulated and unsealed. Glucose sensing was demonstrated using standard amperometric detection at glucose concentrations between 0.1 and 100 mM, which covers the glucose concentration range of diabetic patients. Our proposed Parylene encapsulation and UV-adhesive cover form a liquid phase glucose-oxidase package that has the advantages of room temperature processing and direct liquid encapsulation of a small volume solution without use of conventional solidifying chemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100605888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,9]],"date-time":"2010-06-09T11:22:42Z","timestamp":1276082562000},"page":"5888-5898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Liquid-Phase Packaging of a Glucose Oxidase Solution with Parylene Direct Encapsulation and an Ultraviolet Curing Adhesive Cover for Glucose Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Binh-Khiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Takahata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Shimoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs312\/en\/index.html\/ (accessed on 18 March 2010)."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4109(200108)13:12<983::AID-ELAN983>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Glucose Biosensors: 40 Years of advances and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4109(200005)12:9<703::AID-ELAN703>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Advances in the microfabrication of electrochemical sensors and systems","volume":"12","author":"Suzuki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068069y","article-title":"Electrochemical glucose sensors and their applications in diabetes management","volume":"108","author":"Heller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9896","DOI":"10.3390\/s91209896","article-title":"All-plastic electrochemical transistor for glucose sensing using a ferrocene mediator","volume":"9","author":"Shim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061414z","article-title":"Microscale enzymatic optical biosensors using mass transport limiting nanofilms. 1. fabrication and characterization using glucose as a model analyte","volume":"79","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(98)00145-2","article-title":"A micro-planar amperometric glucose sensor unsusceptible to interferernce species","volume":"49","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0250-6874(88)80039-8","article-title":"A lift-off method for patterning enzyme-immobilized membranes in multibiosensors","volume":"13","author":"Nakamoto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-5663(96)83726-2","article-title":"Micromachined glucose sensor","volume":"11","author":"Steinkuhl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.2.517","article-title":"Urea and glucose sensors based on ion sensitive field effect transistor with photolithographycally patterned enzyme membrane","volume":"2","author":"Shiono","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anal. Sci"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-5663(91)80019-T","article-title":"Miniaturized thin-film biosensors using covalently immobilized glucose oxidase","volume":"6","author":"Urban","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00499848","article-title":"Glucose sensor using immobilized whole cells of pseudomonas-fluorescens","volume":"7","author":"Karube","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(99)00432-3","article-title":"Micromachined glucose sensor and K+ ISE based on containment array","volume":"65","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128747","article-title":"Comparative studies on the glucose oxidases of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium amagasakiense","volume":"63","author":"Nakamura","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Biochem"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0250-6874(88)87012-4","article-title":"Microsensor packaging and system partitioning","volume":"15","author":"Senturia","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2007.10.048","article-title":"Low temperature epoxy bonding for wafer level MEMS packaging","volume":"143","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. A"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Matsumoto, S., and Ichikawa, N. (, January January). New methods for liquid encapsulation in polymer MEMS structure. Tucson, AZ, USA."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2988467","article-title":"Polymer thin film deposited on liquid for varifocal encapsulated liquid lenses","volume":"93","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetasy.2006.01.015","article-title":"Hofmeister series of ionic liquids: Kosmotropic effect of ionic liquids on the enzymatic hydrolysis of enantiomeric physnylalanine methyl ester","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tetrahedron: Asymmetry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2009.04.011","article-title":"Hofmeister effects: an explanation for the impact of ionic liquids on biocatalysis","volume":"144","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/6\/5888\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:02:40Z","timestamp":1760220160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/6\/5888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["s100605888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100605888","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,9]]}}}