{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T18:52:10Z","timestamp":1773427930360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]],"date-time":"2010-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review examines some recent applications of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to biopolymers, while mainly focusing on membrane protein studies. Initially, we discuss the lateral diffusion of membrane proteins, as measured by FRAP. Then, we talk about the use of FRAP to probe interactions between membrane proteins by obtaining fundamental information such as geometry and stoichiometry of the interacting complex. Afterwards, we discuss some applications of FRAP at the cellular level as well as the level of organisms. We conclude by comparing diffusion coefficients obtained by FRAP and several other alternative methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100605927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]],"date-time":"2010-06-10T12:52:37Z","timestamp":1276174357000},"page":"5927-5948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Recent Applications of Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) to Membrane Bio-Macromolecules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gamal","family":"Rayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l\u2019Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, associe aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Erik","family":"Guet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l\u2019Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, associe aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Taulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l\u2019Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, associe aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Pincet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l\u2019Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, associe aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Wladimir","family":"Urbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l\u2019Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, associe aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4023.720","article-title":"The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes","volume":"175","author":"Singer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.41.4.439","article-title":"On bimolecular layers of lipoids on the chromocytes of the blood","volume":"41","author":"Gorter","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. 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