{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:01:19Z","timestamp":1774360879087,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]],"date-time":"2010-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An electrochemical nitrite biosensor based on co-immobilization of copper- containing nitrite reductase (Cu-NiR, from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans) and viologen-modified chitosan (CHIT-V) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is presented. Electron transfer (ET) between a conventional GCE and immobilized Cu-NiR was mediated by the co-immobilized CHIT-V. Redox-active viologen was covalently linked to a chitosan backbone, and the thus produced CHIT-V was co-immobilized with Cu-NiR on the GCE surface by drop-coating of hydrophilic polyurethane (HPU). The electrode responded to nitrite with a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 nM (S\/N = 3). The sensitivity, linear response range, and response time (t90%) were 14.9 nA\/mM, 0.04\u221211 mM (r2 = 0.999) and 15 s, respectively. The corresponding Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (KMapp) was 65 mM. Storage stability of the biosensor (retaining 80% of initial activity) was 65 days under ambient air and room temperature storage conditions. Reproducibility of the sensor showed a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.8% (n = 5) for detection of 1 mM of nitrite. An interference study showed that anions commonlyfound in water samples such as chlorate, chloride, sulfate and sulfite did not interfere with the nitrite detection. However, nitrate interfered with a relative sensitivity of 64% and this interference effect was due to the intrinsic character of the NiR employed in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100606241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]],"date-time":"2010-06-22T11:07:11Z","timestamp":1277204831000},"page":"6241-6256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Nitrite Biosensor Based on Co-immobilization of Nitrite Reductase and Viologen-modified Chitosan on a Glassy Carbon Electrode"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"De","family":"Quan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China"}]},{"given":"Woonsup","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50031a031","article-title":"Enzymatic determination of nitrate: electrochemical detection after reduction with nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase","volume":"50","author":"Kiang","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anal. 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