{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:34:33Z","timestamp":1764239673573,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a spatial information-theoretic model is proposed to locate sensors for detecting source-to-target patterns of special nuclear material (SNM) smuggling. In order to ship the nuclear materials from a source location with SNM production to a target city, the smugglers must employ global and domestic logistics systems. This paper focuses on locating a limited set of fixed and mobile radiation sensors in a transportation network, with the intent to maximize the expected information gain and minimize the estimation error for the subsequent nuclear material detection stage. A Kalman filtering-based framework is adapted to assist the decision-maker in quantifying the network-wide information gain and SNM flow estimation accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T11:02:35Z","timestamp":1282906955000},"page":"8070-8091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Locating Sensors for Detecting Source-to-Target Patterns of Special Nuclear Material Smuggling: A Spatial Information Theoretic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jay","family":"Przybyla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"The World Bank. 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