{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:34:43Z","timestamp":1762623283116,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]],"date-time":"2010-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The permanent magnetic linear contactless displacement (PLCD) sensor is a new type of displacement sensor operating on the magnetic inductive principle. It has many excellent properties and has already been used for many applications. In this article a Micro-PLCD sensor which can be used for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) measurements is designed and simulated with the CST EM STUDIO\u00ae software, including building a virtual model, magnetostatic calculations, low frequency calculations, steady current calculations and thermal calculations. The influence of some important parameters such as air gap dimension, working frequency, coil current and eddy currents etc. is studied in depth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,19]],"date-time":"2010-09-19T09:41:46Z","timestamp":1284889306000},"page":"8424-8436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Combined Simulation of a Micro Permanent Magnetic Linear Contactless Displacement Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Computational Engineering, TU Darmstadt, Dolivostra\u00dfe 15, D-64293 Darmstadt Germany"},{"name":"Computational Electromagnetics Laboratory (TEMF), TU Darmstadt, Schlo\u00dfgartenstra\u00dfe 8, D-64289 Darmstadt Germany"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang F.O.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Electromagnetics Laboratory (TEMF), TU Darmstadt, Schlo\u00dfgartenstra\u00dfe 8, D-64289 Darmstadt Germany"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electromechanical Design (EMK), TU Darmstadt, Merckstra\u00dfe 25, D-64283 Darmstadt Germany"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Eicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electromechanical Design (EMK), TU Darmstadt, Merckstra\u00dfe 25, D-64283 Darmstadt Germany"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Weiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Electromagnetics Laboratory (TEMF), TU Darmstadt, Schlo\u00dfgartenstra\u00dfe 8, D-64289 Darmstadt Germany"}]},{"given":"Helmut F.","family":"Schlaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electromechanical Design (EMK), TU Darmstadt, Merckstra\u00dfe 25, D-64283 Darmstadt Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Sensoren und ihre Anwendungsm\u00f6glichkeiten","volume":"107","author":"Tschulena","year":"1986","journal-title":"Elektrotechnische Z"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(91)87005-N","article-title":"PLCD, a novel magnetic displacement sensor","volume":"26","author":"Erb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Eicher, D, and Schlaak, HF (2007, January 15\u201317). Elektrothermische Aktoren aus SU-8 f\u00fcr den Einsatz in miniaturisierten Schrittantrieben. Dresden, Germany."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Jungnickel, U, Eicher, D, and Schlaak, HF (2004, January 14\u201316). Novel micro-positioning system using parallel kinematics and inchworm actuator platform. Bremen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Jungnickel, U, Eicher, D, and Schlaak, HF (2002, January 10\u201312). Miniaturised Micro-Positioning System for Large Displacements and Large Forces Based on an Inchworm Platform. Bremen, Germany."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"116","article-title":"A discretization method for the solution of Maxwell\u2019s equations for six-component fields","volume":"31","author":"Weiland","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Elektron. Uebertragungstechnik"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1109\/20.767155","article-title":"Transient eddy current calculation with the FI-Method","volume":"35","author":"Clemens","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"CST AG, Darmstadt, Germany. Available online: www.cst.com (accessed on 8 September 2010)."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"VACUUMSCHMELZE GmbH & Co. KG, Hanau, Germany. Available online: www.vacuumschmelze.com (accessed on 8 September 2010)."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/9\/8424\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:03:20Z","timestamp":1760220200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/9\/8424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s100908424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100908424","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]]}}}