{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T04:53:18Z","timestamp":1772081598526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]],"date-time":"2010-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular oxygen is detected at low concentrations using photoacoustic spectroscopy despite its unfavorable photoacoustic properties. The system consists of a seed laser diode, a tapered amplifier and a quartz tuning fork based spectrophone, thus employing quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). With this system a detection limit of 13 ppm is reached with a compact and long term stable setup. Further improvement of the detection limit is possible by adding suitable gases to the sample gas that promote the radiationless de-excitation of the oxygen molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,19]],"date-time":"2010-09-19T09:41:46Z","timestamp":1284889306000},"page":"8466-8477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Detection of Molecular Oxygen at Low Concentrations Using Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pohlk\u00f6tter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clausthal University of Technology, Institute for Energy Research and Physical Technology, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"K\u00f6hring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clausthal University of Technology, Institute for Energy Research and Physical Technology, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clausthal University of Technology, Institute for Energy Research and Physical Technology, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013","article-title":"The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database: HITRAN","volume":"110","author":"Rothman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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