{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:39:00Z","timestamp":1760243940375,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]],"date-time":"2010-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1284940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate measurements of physical activity are important for the diagnosis of the exacerbation of chronic diseases. Accelerometers have been widely employed in clinical research for measuring activity intensity and investigating the association between physical activity and adverse health conditions. However, the ability of accelerometers in assessing physical activity intensity such as walking speed has been constrained by the inter-individual variability in sensor output and by the necessity of developing unobtrusive low-power monitoring systems. This paper will present a study aimed at investigating the accuracy of a wearable measuring system of near-body air flow to determine ambulatory speed in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,27]],"date-time":"2010-09-27T11:23:33Z","timestamp":1285586613000},"page":"8705-8718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Human Ambulatory Speed by Measuring Near-Body Air Flow"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alberto G.","family":"Bonomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Care & Health Applications, Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Salati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care & Health Applications, Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.04.012","article-title":"Expected values for steps\/day in special populations","volume":"49","author":"Washington","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-855OC","article-title":"Characteristics of physical activities in daily life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"171","author":"Pitta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510140062030","article-title":"Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. SOLVD Investigators","volume":"270","author":"Bittner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.3.536","article-title":"Physical activity and hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD","volume":"129","author":"Pitta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Bonomi, AG, Plasqui, G, Goris, AH, and Westerterp, KR (2010). Aspects of activity behavior as a determinant of the physical activity level. Scand J Med Sci Sports, in press."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2008.01880.x","article-title":"The six-minute walk test: A useful metric for the cardiopulmonary patient","volume":"39","author":"Rasekaba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"919","article-title":"The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"132","author":"Guyatt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society (2002). ATS Statement: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 166, 111\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181a24536","article-title":"Detection of type, duration, and intensity of physical activity using an accelerometer","volume":"41","author":"Bonomi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199412000-00016","article-title":"Assessment of energy expenditure for physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer","volume":"26","author":"Bouten","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00818.2005","article-title":"A novel method for using accelerometer data to predict energy expenditure","volume":"100","author":"Crouter","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200109000-00024","article-title":"Validation of the Tracmor triaxial accelerometer system for walking","volume":"33","author":"Levine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000227542.43669.45","article-title":"Development of novel techniques to classify physical activity mode using accelerometers","volume":"38","author":"Pober","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.55","article-title":"Estimating activity-related energy expenditure under sedentary conditions using a tri-axial seismic accelerometer","volume":"17","author":"Westerterp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1109\/10.554760","article-title":"A triaxial accelerometer and portable data processing unit for the assessment of daily physical activity","volume":"44","author":"Bouten","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, L, and Intille, SS (2004, January 18\u201323). Activity recognition from user-annotated acceleration data. Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24646-6_1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2007.899496","article-title":"Detection of daily activities and sports with wearable sensors in controlled and uncontrolled conditions","volume":"12","author":"Ermes","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Infor. Tech. Biomed"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.087130","article-title":"Lower limb activity and its determinants in COPD","volume":"63","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00190-X","article-title":"Assessment of spatio-temporal gait parameters from trunk accelerations during human walking","volume":"18","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1041-5","article-title":"Assessment of spatio-temporal parameters during unconstrained walking","volume":"92","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200003000-00014","article-title":"Assessment of speed of human locomotion using a differential satellite global positioning system","volume":"32","author":"Schutz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0906-3","article-title":"Variability of gait patterns during unconstrained walking assessed by satellite positioning (GPS)","volume":"90","author":"Terrier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.02.021","article-title":"Measurement of stride parameters using a wearable GPS and inertial measurement unit","volume":"41","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801856","article-title":"A new accelerometric method to assess the daily walking practice","volume":"26","author":"Schutz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000210206.55941.b2","article-title":"Individual calibration for estimating free-living walking speed using the MTI monitor","volume":"38","author":"Barnett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344771","article-title":"Improvement of walking speed prediction by accelerometry and altimetry, validated by satellite positioning","volume":"38","author":"Perrin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199907000-00020","article-title":"The prediction of speed and incline in outdoor running in humans using accelerometry","volume":"31","author":"Herren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00150.2009","article-title":"Improving assessment of daily energy expenditure by identifying types of physical activity with a single accelerometer","volume":"107","author":"Bonomi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/9\/8705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:03:24Z","timestamp":1760220204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/10\/9\/8705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s100908705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s100908705","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]]}}}