{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:38:57Z","timestamp":1760243937062,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,29]],"date-time":"2010-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In wireless sensor networks, system architectures and applications are designed to consider both resource constraints and scalability, because such networks are composed of numerous sensor nodes with various sensors and actuators, small memories, low-power microprocessors, radio modules, and batteries. Clustering routing protocols based on data aggregation schemes aimed at minimizing packet numbers have been proposed to meet these requirements. In clustering routing protocols, the cluster head plays an important role. The cluster head collects data from its member nodes and aggregates the collected data. To improve reliability and reduce recovery latency, we propose a checkpointing scheme for the cluster head. In the proposed scheme, backup nodes monitor and checkpoint the current state of the cluster head periodically. We also derive the checkpointing interval that maximizes reliability while using the same amount of energy consumed by clustering routing protocols that operate without checkpointing. Experimental comparisons with existing non-checkpointing schemes show that our scheme reduces both energy consumption and recovery latency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s101008938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,29]],"date-time":"2010-09-29T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1285759711000},"page":"8938-8952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Smart Checkpointing Scheme for Improving the Reliability of Clustering Routing Protocols"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jinman","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}]},{"given":"Bongjae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yookun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}]},{"given":"Junyoung","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, Korea"}]},{"given":"Sangho","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automatic Control (INRIA) \/ Montbonnot Saint Martin, France"}]},{"given":"Jiman","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, AE (2008, January 5\u20137). Cyber physical systems: Design challenges. Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISORC.2008.25"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"A survey on sensor networks","volume":"14","author":"Ian","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Mokhtar, A, and Fadi, A (2005, January 6\u20139). Current and future trends in sensor networks: A survey. Dubai, UAE."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010","article-title":"A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks","volume":"3","author":"Kemal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Network"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Available on line: http:\/\/tinyos.net\/ (accessed on 28\/09\/2010)."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Iman, S, Adnan, A, and Mohamed, E (2006, January 26\u201327). In-network fault tolerance in networked sensor systems. 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Struct"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Ye, M, Lil, C, Chenl, G, and Wu, J (2005, January 7\u20139). EECS: An energy efficient clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks. Phoenix, AZ, USA."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Trivedi, KS (2002). Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [2nd ed]."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Jiang, H, Qian, J, and Zhao, J (2009, January 9\u201312). Cluster head load balanced clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Changchun, Jilin, China."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1145\/278009.278027","article-title":"GloMoSim: A library for parallel simulation of large-scale wireless networks","volume":"28","author":"Zeng","year":"1998","journal-title":"ACM Sigsim Simul. Dig"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Ageev, A, Macii, D, and Petri, D (2008, January 22\u201324). 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