{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T19:42:40Z","timestamp":1769370160463,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,20]],"date-time":"2010-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of ultratrace amounts of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in food products. The sensor was based on a competitive immunoassay using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tag. Magnetic nanoparticles coated with antibody (anti-AFM1) were used to separate the bound and unbound fractions. The samples containing AFM1 were incubated with a fixed amount of antibody and tracer [AFM1 linked to HRP (conjugate)] until the system reached equilibrium. Competition occurs between the antigen (AFM1) and the conjugate for the antibody. Then, the mixture was deposited on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes, and the mediator [5-methylphenazinium methyl sulphate (MPMS)] was added. The enzymatic response was measured amperometrically. A standard range (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ppb) of AFM1-contaminated milk from the ELISA kit was used to obtain a standard curve for AFM1. To test the detection sensitivity of our sensor, samples of commercial milk were supplemented at 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 ppb with AFM1. Our immunosensor has a low detection limit (0.01 ppb), which is under the recommended level of AFM1 [0.05 \u00b5g L-1 (ppb)], and has good reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s101009439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]],"date-time":"2010-10-21T03:00:15Z","timestamp":1287630015000},"page":"9439-9448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Development of an Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Paniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IMAGES EA 4218, B\u00e2timents S, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Radoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IMAGES EA 4218, B\u00e2timents S, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Marty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire IMAGES EA 4218, B\u00e2timents S, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(01)00479-9","article-title":"Update of survey, regulation and toxic effects of mycotoxins in Europe","volume":"127","author":"Creppy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. 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