{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:56:33Z","timestamp":1769208993688,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,3]],"date-time":"2010-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>No guidelines are available to orient researchers on the availability and applications of equipment and sensors for recording precise neck movements in occupational settings. In this study reports on direct measurements of neck movements in the workplace were reviewed. Using relevant keywords two independent reviewers searched for eligible studies in the following databases: Cinahal, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, PubMed, MEDLINE, PEDro, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the inclusion criteria, 13 articles on direct neck measurements in occupational settings were retrieved from among 33,666 initial titles. These studies were then methodologically evaluated according to their design characteristics, exposure and outcome assessment, and statistical analysis. The results showed that in most of the studies the three axes of neck movement (flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation) were not simultaneously recorded. Deficiencies in available equipment explain this flaw, demonstrating that sensors and systems need to be improved so that a true understanding of real occupational exposure can be achieved. Further studies are also needed to assess neck movement in those who perform heavy-duty work, such as nurses and electricians, since no report about such jobs was identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s101210967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,3]],"date-time":"2010-12-03T10:54:30Z","timestamp":1291373670000},"page":"10967-10985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Review of Direct Neck Measurement in Occupational Settings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Carnaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, CP 676, CEP 13565-905, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Mariana V.","family":"Batistao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, CP 676, CEP 13565-905, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Helenice J. C.","family":"Gil Coury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos, CP 676, CEP 13565-905, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"560","article-title":"The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: Results of the bone and joint decade 2000\u20132010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders","volume":"33","author":"Cassidy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050391","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among female dental personnel clinical examination and a 5-year follow-up study of symptoms","volume":"72","author":"Johnsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10048","article-title":"Musculoskeletal problems of the neck, shoulder, back and functional consequences in nurses","volume":"41","author":"Trinkoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.43.637","article-title":"Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call center operators of a bank in Sao Paulo","volume":"43","author":"Rocha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br Ind Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2340\/165019779123127133","article-title":"Neck and shoulder disorders in medical secretaries. 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