{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T04:10:05Z","timestamp":1773461405556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is increasingly being utilized as a method for modern biological research. This process, which involves the noninvasive interrogation of living animals using light emitted from luciferase-expressing bioreporter cells, has been applied to study a wide range of biomolecular functions such as gene function, drug discovery and development, cellular trafficking, protein-protein interactions, and especially tumorigenesis, cancer treatment, and disease progression. This article will review the various bioreporter\/biosensor integrations of BLI and discuss how BLI is being applied towards a new visual understanding of biological processes within the living organism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110100180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]],"date-time":"2010-12-28T10:38:45Z","timestamp":1293532725000},"page":"180-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging (BLI): Noninvasive Visualization and Interrogation of Biological Processes in Living Animals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Dan M.","family":"Close","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Sayler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Ripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1038\/463977a","article-title":"The whole picture","volume":"463","author":"Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2655091","article-title":"Complementary DNA coding click beetle luciferase can elicit bioluminescence of different colors","volume":"244","author":"Wood","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4438","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4438","article-title":"Isolation and expression of a cDNA-encoding Renilla reniformis luciferase","volume":"88","author":"Lorenz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. 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