{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:06:09Z","timestamp":1761059169933,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies the feasibility of calculating strains in aged F114 steel specimens with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and infrared thermography (IT) techniques. Two specimens have been conditioned under extreme temperature and relative humidity conditions making comparative tests of stress before and after aging using different adhesives. Moreover, a comparison has been made with IT techniques and conventional methods for calculating stresses in F114 steel. Implementation of Structural Health Monitoring techniques on real aircraft during their life cycle requires a study of the behaviour of FBG sensors and their wiring under real conditions, before using them for a long time. To simulate aging, specimens were stored in a climate chamber at 70 \u00b0C and 90% RH for 60 days. This study is framed within the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Non Destructuve Evaluation (NDE) research lines, integrated into the avionics area maintained by the Aeronautical Technologies Centre (CTA) and the University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110101088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T12:16:40Z","timestamp":1295439400000},"page":"1088-1104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fiber Bragg Gratings, IT Techniques and Strain Gauge Validation for Strain Calculation on Aged Metal Specimens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ander","family":"Montero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Technologies Center, Technologic Park of Alava., C\/Juan de la Cierva 1., Mi\u00f1ano (Alava) 01510, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Idurre","family":"Saez de Ocariz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Technologies Center, Technologic Park of Alava., C\/Juan de la Cierva 1., Mi\u00f1ano (Alava) 01510, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ion","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Technologies Center, Technologic Park of Alava., C\/Juan de la Cierva 1., Mi\u00f1ano (Alava) 01510, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aeronautical Technologies Center, Technologic Park of Alava., C\/Juan de la Cierva 1., Mi\u00f1ano (Alava) 01510, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Alda Urquijo, s\/n. 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9137-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseba","family":"Zubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Alda Urquijo, s\/n. 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Young, J., Haugse, E., and Davis, C. (,  2009). Structural Health Management an Evolution in Design. Stanford, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todd, M., Malsawma, L., Chang, C.C., and Johnson, G. (1999). The Use of FBG Strain Sensors in Laboratory and Field Load Tests: Comparison to Conventional Resistive Strain Gages, Naval Research Laboratory. NRL\/MR5673-99-8418;.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA370789"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latini, V., Striano, V., Coppola, G., and Rendina, I. (2007). Fiber optic sensors system for high temperature monitoring of aerospace structures. Proc. SPIE, 6593.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.722269"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Introduction to NDT by active infrared thermography","volume":"60","author":"Maldague","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mater. Eval"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. Date Book. Strain Gages Accessories\u2014Vishay Micro-Measurements. Available online: http:\/\/www.me-systeme.de\/en\/straingage\/cat110.pdf (accessed on 5 January 2011)."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., and Ou, J. (2004, January 13\u201316). Techniques of Temperature Compensation for FBG Strain Sensors Used in Long-Term Structural Monitoring. Khabarovsk, Russia.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.634047"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"MicronOptics OS1200 FBG sensor datasheet. Available online: http:\/\/www.micronoptics.com\/uploads\/library\/documents\/Datasheets\/Micron%20Optics%20-%20os1200.pdf (accessed on 5 January 2011)."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.48.001436","article-title":"Comparing polymer optical fiber, fiber Bragg grating, and traditional strain gauge for aircraft structural health monitoring","volume":"48","author":"Gomez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Opt"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"MicronOptics SM130 datasheet. Available online: http:\/\/www.micronoptics.com\/uploads\/library\/documents\/Datasheets\/Micron%20Optics%20sm130.pdf (accessed on 5 January 2011)."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giaccari, P., Limberger, H.G., and Kronenberg, P. (2001, January 4). Influence of Humidity and Temperature on Polyimide-Coated Fiber Bragg Gratings. Stresa, Italy.","DOI":"10.1364\/BGPP.2001.BFB2"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/1\/1088\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:54:58Z","timestamp":1760219698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/1\/1088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s110101088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110101088","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]}}}