{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T18:36:56Z","timestamp":1771612616261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A CMOS light pulse receiver (LPR) cell for spatial optical communications is designed and evaluated by device simulations and a prototype chip implementation. The LPR cell consists of a pinned photodiode and four transistors. It works under sub-threshold region of a MOS transistor and the source terminal voltage which responds to the logarithm of the photo current are read out with a source follower circuit. For finding the position of the light spot on the focal plane, an image pixel array is embedded on the same plane of the LPR cell array. A prototype chip with 640 \u00d7 240 image pixels and 640 \u00d7 240 LPR cells is implemented with 0.18 \u03bcm CMOS technology. A proposed model of the transient response of the LPR cell agrees with the result of the device simulations and measurements. Both imaging at 60 fps and optical communication at the carrier frequency of 1 MHz are successfully performed. The measured signal amplitude and the calculation results of photocurrents show that the spatial optical communication up to 100 m is feasible using a 10 \u00d7 10 LED array.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110202056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T14:52:26Z","timestamp":1297349546000},"page":"2056-2076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Design and Implementation of A CMOS Light Pulse Receiver Cell Array for Spatial Optical Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Md. Shakowat","family":"Zaman Sarker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moeta","family":"Hamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isamu","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michinori","family":"Andoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Yasutomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Kawahito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Nakaku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8011, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3664","article-title":"ID Cam: A smart camera for scene capture and ID recognition","volume":"43","author":"Matsushita","year":"2002","journal-title":"IPSJ J"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2004.1277847","article-title":"Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights","volume":"50","author":"Komine","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Wook, H., Komine, T., Haruyama, S., and Nakagawa, M. (2006). Visible light communication with LED-based traffic light using 2-dimensional image sensor. IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"835","article-title":"A smart image sensor with high-speed feeble ID-beacon detection for argumented reality system","volume":"58","author":"Oike","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Inst. Image Inf. TV Eng"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Yoshimura, S., Sugiyama, T., Yonemoto, K., and Ueda, K. (, January February). A 48kframe\/s CMOS image sensor for real-time 3-D sensing and motion detection. 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San Francisco, CA, USA."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/2\/2056\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:55:12Z","timestamp":1760219712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/2\/2056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s110202056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110202056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]}}}