{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:36:37Z","timestamp":1760243797694,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]],"date-time":"2011-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1299196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanocavity resonators in metals acting as nanofluidic refractive-index sensors were analyzed theoretically. With the illumination of transverse electric polarized light, the proposed refractive index sensor structure acts as a pure electromagnetic resonator without the excitation of surface plasmons. The reflected signal from the nanocavity resonators can be very sensitive to the refractive index of the fluids inside the nanocavities due to the enhancement of the electric field of the resonant mode inside the cavities. Such a sensor configuration can be a useful tool for probing the refractive index change of the fluid inside the nanocavities using the spectral, angular or intensity interrogation schemes. The wavelength sensitivity of 430 nm\/RIU, angular sensitivity of 200\u20131,000 deg\/RIU and intensity sensitivity of 25.5 RIU\u22121 can be achieved in the proposed sensor configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110302939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,6]],"date-time":"2011-03-06T18:54:40Z","timestamp":1299437680000},"page":"2939-2945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nanofluidic Refractive-Index Sensors Formed by Nanocavity Resonators in Metals without Plasmons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shih-Pin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Yao-Feng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Ming-Je","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Ding-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Homola, J (2006). Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensors, Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/b100321"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4813","DOI":"10.1021\/la0493621","article-title":"Surface Plasmon Sensor Based on the Enhanced Light Transmission through Arrays of Nanoholes in Gold Films","volume":"20","author":"Brolo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/4\/5\/001","article-title":"Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","volume":"4","author":"Otto","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4258\/8\/4\/S07","article-title":"Extraordinary Optical Transmission without Plasmons: The s-Polarization Case","volume":"8","author":"Moreno","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.002398","article-title":"Total Light Absorption in a Wide Range of Incidence by Nanostructured Metals without Plasmons","volume":"33","author":"Bonod","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Lett"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085408","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.71.085408","article-title":"Void Plasmons and Total Absorption of Light in Nanoporous Metallic Films","volume":"71","author":"Teperik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Rao, N (2004). Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Pearson Prentice Hall. [6th ed]."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Haus, HA (1983). Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics, Pearson Prentice Hall."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4370","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.6.4370","article-title":"Optical Constant of the Noble Metal","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.12.001068","article-title":"Formulation for Stable and Efficient Implementation of the Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis of Binary Gratings","volume":"12","author":"Moharam","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/3\/2939\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:55:26Z","timestamp":1760219726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/3\/2939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s110302939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110302939","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]]}}}