{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T05:19:06Z","timestamp":1771737546601,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]],"date-time":"2011-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A water soluble azo dye modified \u03b2-cyclodextrin polymer 4 was synthesized and used as a chemosensor for the detection of chlorinated phenols, model chlorinated by-products (CBPs) of water treatment for drinking purposes. The characterization of the intermediates and the azo dye modified \u03b2-CD polymer was done by UV\/Vis Spectrophotometry, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. The chlorophenols were capable of quenching the fluorescence of the polymer. The polymer showed greater sensitivity towards 2,4-dichlorophenol, with a sensitivity factor of 0.35 compared to 0.05 and 0.12 for phenol and 4-chlorophenol, respectively. The stability constants (Ks) of the pollutants were also determined by the Benesi-Hildebrand method to be 2.104 \u00d7 103 M\u22121 for 2,4-dichlorophenol and 1.120 \u00d7 102 M\u22121 for 4-chlorophenol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110504598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]],"date-time":"2011-04-27T11:24:04Z","timestamp":1303903444000},"page":"4598-4608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Fluorescent Sensing of Chlorophenols in Water Using an Azo Dye Modified \u03b2-Cyclodextrin Polymer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Phendukani","family":"Ncube","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui W.","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhekie B.","family":"Mamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0501339","article-title":"Chemical sensors based on amplifying fluorescent conjugated polymers","volume":"107","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Rev"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1039\/b609548h","article-title":"Design of fluorescent materials for chemical sensing","volume":"36","author":"Reinhoudt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.3390\/s8084961","article-title":"Chemical sensors based on cyclodextrin derivatives","volume":"8","author":"Ogoshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Steed, JW, and Atwood, JL (2000). Supramolecular Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3927(20000801)21:13<887::AID-MARC887>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Naphthol-modified \u03b2-cyclodextrins as fluorescent sensors for detecting contaminants in drinking water","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1039\/P29960002567","article-title":"Photochromic molecular recognition of \u03b2-cyclodextrin bearing spiropyran moiety for organic guests","volume":"2","author":"Hamada","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7208(97)00032-6","article-title":"The interaction of acid azo dyes with chemically modified \u03b2-cyclodextrins","volume":"36","author":"Ijima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dyes Pigment"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.3390\/s8063689","article-title":"Fluorescent indolizine-\u03b2-cyclodextrin derivatives for the detection of volatile organic compounds","volume":"8","author":"Becuwe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2006.06.026","article-title":"Photochemical behaviour upon the inclusion for some volatile organic compounds in new fluorescent indolizine \u03b2-cyclodextrin sensors","volume":"185","author":"Surpateanu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1021\/ol0616079","article-title":"Fluorescent detection for cyclic and acyclic alcohol guests by naphthalene-appended amino-\u03b2-cyclodextrins","volume":"8","author":"Nakashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Org. Lett"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2008.05.013","article-title":"A color version of the hinsberg test: Permethylated cyclodextrin and crown-appended azophenol for highly selective sensing of amines","volume":"64","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1039\/b418369j","article-title":"Fast parallel enantiomeric analysis of unmodified amino acids by sensing with fluorescent \u03b2-cyclodextrins","volume":"15","author":"Corradini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(00)00444-5","article-title":"Enantioselective sensing of amino acids by copper (ii) complexes of phenylalanine-based fluorescent \u03b2-cyclodextrins","volume":"41","author":"Pagliari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1021\/bc800133e","article-title":"A DNA duplex-based, tailor-made fluorescent sensor for porphyrin derivatives","volume":"19","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8227","DOI":"10.1021\/jo071131m","article-title":"Novel permethylated \u03b2-cyclodextrin derivatives appended with chromophores as efficient fluorescent sensors for the molecular recognition of bile salts","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.10.063","article-title":"Chlorination byproducts, their toxicodynamics and removal from drinking water","volume":"140","author":"Gopal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2001.4362","article-title":"Chlorination byproducts and nitrate in drinking water and risk for congenital cardiac defects","volume":"89","author":"Cedergren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(98)00417-1","article-title":"An improved synthesis of 6-o-monotosyl-6-deoxy-\u03b2- cyclodextrin","volume":"39","author":"Zhong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13521","DOI":"10.1021\/jp063892j","article-title":"Host-guest complexation affected by ph and length of spacer for hydroxyazobenzene-modified cyclodextrins","volume":"110","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2009.08.063","article-title":"Azobenzenes\u2014Synthesis and carbohydrate applications","volume":"65","author":"Hamon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2008.08.098","article-title":"Synthesis of \u03b2-cyclodextrin derivatives functionalised with azobenzene","volume":"64","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3702","DOI":"10.1039\/b605804c","article-title":"Cyclodextrin-grafted poly(phenylene ethylene) with chemically-responsive properties","volume":"35","author":"Ogoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Commun"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2005.09.099","article-title":"A reliable synthesis of 2- and 6-amino-\u03b2-cyclodextrin and permethylated-\u03b2-cyclodextrin","volume":"46","author":"Muderawan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2004.09.006","article-title":"Spectroscopic studies of inclusion complexes of 1-naphthol-4-sulfonate with \u03b2-cyclodextrin in aqueous solution","volume":"61","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectros"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2009.10.076","article-title":"Synthesis and optical characterization of novel aza crown ethers containing an acridinone or an N-methylacridinone unit as a potential fluorescent chemosensor","volume":"66","author":"Huszthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008150908997","article-title":"Spectrometric and 2D NMR studies on the complexation of chlorophenols with cyclodextrins","volume":"39","author":"Leyva","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)83851-6","article-title":"Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of some chlorophenols in the presence of a soluble \u03b2-cyclodextrin polymer","volume":"439","author":"Cserhati","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)93261-3","article-title":"Charge-transfer chromatographic study on inclusion complex formation between two hydroxypropyl- \u03b2-cyclodextrins and some chlorophenols","volume":"509","author":"Cserhati","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/5\/4598\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:55:56Z","timestamp":1760219756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/5\/4598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s110504598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110504598","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,27]]}}}