{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:50:53Z","timestamp":1780516253961,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]],"date-time":"2011-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a multiparametric system capable of characterizing and classifying white wines according to the grape variety and geographical origin. Besides, it quantifies specific parameters of interest for quality control in wine. The system, known as a hybrid electronic tongue, consists of an array of electrochemical microsensors\u2014six ISFET based sensors, a conductivity sensor, a redox potential sensor and two amperometric electrodes, a gold microelectrode and a microelectrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand\u2014and a miniaturized optofluidic system. The test sample set comprised eighteen Catalan monovarietal white wines from four different grape varieties, two Croatian monovarietal white wines and seven bi- and trivarietal mixtures prepared from the Catalan varieties. Different chemometric tools were used to characterize (i.e., Principal Component Analysis), classify (i.e., Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy) and quantify (i.e., Partial-Least Squares) some parameters of interest. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the multisensor system for analysis of wine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110504840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,4]],"date-time":"2011-05-04T09:03:57Z","timestamp":1304499837000},"page":"4840-4857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Application of an E-Tongue to the Analysis of Monovarietal and Blends of White Wines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreu","family":"Llobera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Ipatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vila-Planas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"M\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3 de Viticultura i Enologia, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Vinya i el Vi (INCAVI). Pla\u00e7a \u00c0gora, 2-3, 08720, Vilafranca del Pened\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Demming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikrotechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Stra\u03b2e 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanus","family":"B\u00fcttgenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikrotechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Stra\u03b2e 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fina","family":"Capdevila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3 de Viticultura i Enologia, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Vinya i el Vi (INCAVI). Pla\u00e7a \u00c0gora, 2-3, 08720, Vilafranca del Pened\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carme","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3 de Viticultura i Enologia, Institut Catal\u00e0 de la Vinya i el Vi (INCAVI). Pla\u00e7a \u00c0gora, 2-3, 08720, Vilafranca del Pened\u00e8s, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Jorquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC. Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1039\/b705107g","article-title":"Sensor arrays for liquid sensing-electronic tongue systems","volume":"132","author":"Ciosek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4109(199907)11:10\/11<814::AID-ELAN814>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Application of electronic tongue for quantitative analysis of mineral water and wine","volume":"11","author":"Legin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200804457","article-title":"Determination of bisulfites in wines with an electronic tongue based on pulse voltammetry","volume":"21","author":"Labrador","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.09.040","article-title":"Prediction of Italian red wine sensorial descriptors from electronic nose, electronic tongue and spectrophotometric measurements by means of Genetic Algorithm regression models","volume":"100","author":"Buratti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1039\/b801228h","article-title":"Electronic integrated multisensor tongue applied to grape juice and wine analysis","volume":"133","author":"Kloock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.12.042","article-title":"Evaluation of the feasibility of the electronic tongue as a rapid analytical tool for wine age prediction and quantification of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. The case-study of Madeira wine","volume":"662","author":"Rudnitskaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1021\/jf990837h","article-title":"Vitis vinifera must varietal authentication using microsatellite DNA analysis (SSR)","volume":"48","author":"Faria","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1021\/jf991168a","article-title":"Towards the authentication of varietal wines by the analysis of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) residual DNA in must and wine using microsatellite markers","volume":"48","author":"Siret","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.09.076","article-title":"Detection and identification of grape varieties in must and wine using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers","volume":"563","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200900285","article-title":"State of the art in the field of electronic and bioelectronic tongues-towards the analysis of wines","volume":"21","author":"Zeravik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"185","article-title":"Discrimination of wine using taste and smell sensors","volume":"10","author":"Baldacci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sens. Mater"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/9\/12\/001","article-title":"A taste sensor","volume":"9","author":"Toko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Tech"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-4931(96)00134-8","article-title":"Taste sensor with global selectivity","volume":"4","author":"Toko","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129109540902","article-title":"Chemometrics in flavor research","volume":"7","author":"Aishima","year":"1991","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(00)00483-4","article-title":"Application of a combined artificial olfaction and taste system to the quantification of relevant compounds in red wine","volume":"69","author":"Paolesse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B-Chem"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2004.824236","article-title":"Fusion of three sensory modalities for the multimodal characterization of red wines","volume":"4","author":"Arrieta","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an00004c","article-title":"Hybrid electronic tongue based on optical and electrochemical microsensors for quality control of wine","volume":"135","author":"Llobera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1039\/b704454b","article-title":"Multiple internal reflection poly(dimethylsiloxane) systems for optical sensing","volume":"7","author":"Llobera","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Community Methods for the Analysis of Wines, No. 2676\/90; 17 September 1990."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(1986). Colorimetry, CIE Central Bureau. [2nd ed]."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Grimes, CA, Dickey, EC, and Pishko, MV (2005). Encyclopedia of Sensors, American Scientific Publishers. Chapter 106."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(00)00187-3","article-title":"Application of ion selective field effect transistor based sensors to soil analysis","volume":"31","author":"Artigas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2004.01.034","article-title":"Investigation of chloride sensitive ISFETs with different membrane compositions suitable for medical applications","volume":"514","author":"Bratov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/18\/3\/048","article-title":"Portable system base on microsensors for environmental monitoring applications","volume":"18","author":"Orozco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Tech"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2007.11.037","article-title":"Composite planar electrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand","volume":"607","author":"Orozco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-006-0623-9","article-title":"Data analysis for electronic nose systems","volume":"156","author":"Scott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2005.02.056","article-title":"\u201cElectrochemical Index\u201d as a screening method to determine \u201ctotal polyphenolics\u201d in foods: A proposal","volume":"539","author":"Blasco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01201773","article-title":"Redox-potential of wines from a Croatian market","volume":"195","year":"1992","journal-title":"Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/5\/4840\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:55:59Z","timestamp":1760219759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/5\/4840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s110504840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110504840","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,3]]}}}