{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:36:49Z","timestamp":1760243809561,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,13]],"date-time":"2011-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The reliability of implantable blood sensors is often hampered by unspecific adsorption of plasma proteins and blood cells. This not only leads to a loss of sensor signal over time, but can also result in undesired host vs. graft reactions. Within this study we evaluated the hemocompatibility of isocyanate conjugated star shaped polytheylene oxide\u2014polypropylene oxide co-polymers NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) when applied to gold surfaces as an auspicious coating material for gold sputtered blood contacting sensors. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors were coated with ultrathin NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) films and compared with uncoated gold sensors. Protein resistance was assessed by QCM measurements with fibrinogen solution and platelet poor plasma (PPP), followed by quantification of fibrinogen adsorption. Hemocompatibility was tested by incubation with human platelet rich plasma (PRP). Thrombin antithrombin-III complex (TAT), \u03b2-thromboglobulin (\u03b2-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were used as coagulation activation markers. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize platelet adhesion to the sensor surfaces. Compared to uncoated gold sensors, NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) coated sensors revealed significant better resistance against protein adsorption, lower TAT generation and a lower amount of adherent platelets. Moreover, coating with ultrathin NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) films creates a cell resistant hemocompatible surface on gold that increases the chance of prolonged sensor functionality and can easily be modified with specific receptor molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110505253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,13]],"date-time":"2011-05-13T11:42:42Z","timestamp":1305286962000},"page":"5253-5269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) Coatings on Gold Sensors\u2014a QCM Study of Hemocompatibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Congenital & Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children\u2019s University Hospital, Tuebingen University, Calwerstr 7\/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Eichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section Medical Materials and Technology, Tuebingen University, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen University, Germany"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"B\u00fcnger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DWI e.V. and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Groll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DWI e.V. and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Ziemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Congenital & Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children\u2019s University Hospital, Tuebingen University, Calwerstr 7\/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section Medical Materials and Technology, Tuebingen University, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hinnak","family":"Northoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen University, Germany"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Geis-Gerstorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Section Medical Materials and Technology, Tuebingen University, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Frank K.","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Tuebingen University, Germany"}]},{"given":"Hans P.","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Congenital & Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children\u2019s University Hospital, Tuebingen University, Calwerstr 7\/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1021\/ac011294p","article-title":"An aptamer-based quartz crystal protein biosensor","volume":"74","author":"Liss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. 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