{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T12:36:41Z","timestamp":1768739801677,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new liquid crystal lens design is proposed to improve the recovery time with a ring-and-pie electrode pattern through a suitable driving scheme and using dual-frequency liquid crystals (DFLC) MLC-2048. Compared with the conventional single hole-type liquid crystal lens, this new structure of the DFLC lens is composed of only two ITO glasses, one of which is designed with the ring-and-pie pattern. For this device, one can control the orientation of liquid crystal directors via a three-stage switching procedure on the particularly-designed ring-and-pie electrode pattern. This aims to eliminate the disclination lines, and using different drive frequencies to reduce the recovery time to be less than 5 seconds. The proposed DFLC lens is shown effective in reducing recovery time, and then serves well as a potential device in places of the conventional lenses with fixed focus lengths and the conventional LC lens with a single circular-hole electrode pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110505402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T09:53:32Z","timestamp":1305712412000},"page":"5402-5415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A New Dual-Frequency Liquid Crystal Lens with Ring-and-Pie Electrodes and a Driving Scheme to Prevent Disclination Lines and Improve Recovery Time"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yung-Yuan","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chaio Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2835-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul C.-P.","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chaio Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Imaging and Biophotonics, National Chaio Tung University, Tainan, 30010, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.18.1679","article-title":"Liquid-Crystal Lens-cells with Variable Focal Length","volume":"18","author":"Sato","year":"1979","journal-title":"Jpn. 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Chapter 3."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/5\/5402\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:56:08Z","timestamp":1760219768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/5\/5402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s110505402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110505402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]]}}}