{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:23:13Z","timestamp":1774934593455,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work was to position a Mobile Robot in an Intelligent Space, and this paper presents a sensorial system for measuring differential phase-shifts in a sinusoidally modulated infrared signal transmitted from the robot. Differential distances were obtained from these phase-shifts, and the position of the robot was estimated by hyperbolic trilateration. Due to the extremely severe trade-off between SNR, angle (coverage) and real-time response, a very accurate design and device selection was required to achieve good precision with wide coverage and acceptable robot speed. An I\/Q demodulator was used to measure phases with one-stage synchronous demodulation to DC. A complete set of results from real measurements, both for distance and position estimations, is provided to demonstrate the validity of the system proposed, comparing it with other similar indoor positioning systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110505416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]],"date-time":"2011-05-18T09:53:32Z","timestamp":1305712412000},"page":"5416-5438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Infrared Sensor System for Mobile-Robot Positioning in Intelligent Spaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ernesto Mart\u00edn","family":"Gorostiza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 28801, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5048-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"L\u00e1zaro Galilea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 28801, Spain"}]},{"given":"Franciso Javier","family":"Meca Meca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 28801, Spain"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Salido Monz\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 28801, Spain"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Espinosa Zapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 28801, Spain"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Pallar\u00e9s Puerto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, University of Alcal\u00e1, Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 28801, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Brncic, D, Sasaki, T, and Hashimoto, H (2007, January 4\u20137). 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