{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:14:54Z","timestamp":1760955294949,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]],"date-time":"2011-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem to be addressed in this paper is a phase-modulated waveform design for the detection of extended targets contaminated by signal-dependent noise (clutter) and additive noise in practical radar systems. An optimal waveform design method that leads to the energy spectral density (ESD) of signal under the maximum signal-to-clutter-and-noise ratio (SCNR) criterion is introduced first. In order to make full use of the transmission power, a novel phase-iterative algorithm is then proposed for designing the phase-modulated waveform with a constant envelope, whose ESD matches the optimal one. This method is proven to be able to achieve a small SCNR loss by minimizing the mean-square spectral distance between the optimal waveform and the designed waveform. The results of extensive simulations demonstrate that our approach provides less than 1 dB SCNR loss when the signal duration is greater than 1 \u03bcs, and outperforms the stationary phase method and other phase-modulated waveform design methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110707162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]],"date-time":"2011-07-12T10:35:37Z","timestamp":1310466937000},"page":"7162-7177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Phase-Modulated Waveform Design for Extended Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xuhua","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Xiqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Van Trees, H (1968). 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