{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:22:58Z","timestamp":1773710578764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing use of nanomaterials in consumer and industrial products has aroused concerns regarding their fate in biological systems. An effective detection method to evaluate the safety of bio-nanomaterials is therefore very important. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications, including pigment and cosmetic manufacturing, was once thought to be an inert material, but recently, more and more studies have indicated that TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can cause inflammation and be harmful to humans by causing lung and brain problems. In order to evaluate the safety of TiO2 NPs for the environment and for humans, sensor cells for inflammation detection were developed, and these were transfected with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-\u03baB) reporter gene. NF-\u03baB as a primary cause of inflammation has received a lot of attention, and it can be activated by a wide variety of external stimuli. Our data show that TiO2 NPs-induced inflammation can be detected by our sensor cells through NF-\u03baB pathway activation. This may lead to our sensor cells being used for bio-nanomaterial safety evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110707219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T11:10:22Z","timestamp":1310987422000},"page":"7219-7230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Development of Sensor Cells Using NF-\u03baB Pathway Activation for Detection of Nanoparticle-Induced Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Migita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan"}]},{"given":"Koki","family":"Kanehira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOTO Ltd. Research Institute, Nakashima 2-1-1, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu, 802-8601, Japan"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Sonezaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOTO Ltd. Research Institute, Nakashima 2-1-1, Kokurakita, Kitakyushu, 802-8601, Japan"}]},{"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell-Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, Nano-Bio Field, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1737","article-title":"Co-delivery of drugs and DNA from cationic core-shell nanoparticles self-assembled from a biodegradable copolymer","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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