{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:52:30Z","timestamp":1779904350111,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Context-aware technologies can make e-learning services smarter and more efficient since context-aware services are based on the user\u2019s behavior. To add those technologies into existing e-learning services, a service architecture model is needed to transform the existing e-learning environment, which is situation-aware, into the environment that understands context as well. The context-awareness in e-learning may include the awareness of user profile and terminal context. In this paper, we propose a new notion of service that provides context-awareness to smart learning content in a cloud computing environment. We suggest the elastic four smarts (E4S)\u2014smart pull, smart prospect, smart content, and smart push\u2014concept to the cloud services so smart learning services are possible. The E4S focuses on meeting the users\u2019 needs by collecting and analyzing users\u2019 behavior, prospecting future services, building corresponding contents, and delivering the contents through cloud computing environment. Users\u2019 behavior can be collected through mobile devices such as smart phones that have built-in sensors. As results, the proposed smart e-learning model in cloud computing environment provides personalized and customized learning services to its users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110807835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T05:28:55Z","timestamp":1312867735000},"page":"7835-7850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Smart Learning Services Based on Smart Cloud Computing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Science, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ga, Yongsan-Gu 140-742, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Mi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Science, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ga, Yongsan-Gu 140-742, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Ik","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Science, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ga, Yongsan-Gu 140-742, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uden, L, and Damiani, E (2007, January 21\u201323). The future of E-learning: E-learning ecosystem. Cairns, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/DEST.2007.371955"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, V, and Guetl, C (2007, January 21\u201323). E-learning ecosystem (ELES)\u2014A holistic approach for the development of more effective learning environment for small-and-medium sized enterprises. Cairns, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/DEST.2007.372010"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Yoon, Y, and Kim, S (2010). Mobile OS, Korea Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Yoon, Y, and Kim, S (2010). Mobile Cloud Computing Technology, National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA)."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Perez, S Available online: http:\/\/www.readwriteweb.com\/archives\/why_cloud_computing_is_the_future_of_mobile.php\/ (accessed on 19 July 2011)."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/65.313011","article-title":"Disseminating active map information to mobile hosts","volume":"8","author":"Schilit","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, A, Aidoo, KA, Takaluoma, A, Tuomela, U, Laerhoven, KV, and de Velde, WV (1999, January 27\u201329). Advanced interaction in context. Karlsruhe, Germany.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48157-5_10"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"37","article-title":"iGoogle and gadgets as a platform for integrating institutional and external services","volume":"8","author":"Casquero","year":"2008","journal-title":"MUPPLE"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Available online: http:\/\/developers.facebook.com\/ (accessed on 19 July 2011)."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedayao, J (2008, January 24\u201326). Implementing and operating an internet scale distributed application using service oriented architecture principles and cloud computing infrastructure. Linz, Austria.","DOI":"10.1145\/1497308.1497384"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Zheng, YL, Li, LY, Ogata, H, and Yano, Y (December, January 30). Toward awareness services in CSCL: Classifications and contextual providing mechanism. Melbourne, Australia."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C-M, Li, Y-L, and Chen, M-C (2007, January 18\u201320). Personalized context-aware ubiquitous learning system for supporting effectively English vocabulary learning. Niigata, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2007.202"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Yoon, Y, Kim, S, and Lee, J (2008, January 6\u20139). Universal video adaptation for content delivery in ubiquitous computing. Seoul, Korea."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/8\/7835\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:57:01Z","timestamp":1760219821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/8\/7835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s110807835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110807835","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]]}}}