{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:37:23Z","timestamp":1760243843375,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]],"date-time":"2011-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1313366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an inertial sensor-based pedestrian navigation system, the position is estimated by double integrating external acceleration. A new algorithm is proposed to reduce z axis position (height) error. When a foot is on the ground, a foot angle is estimated using accelerometer output. Using a foot angle, the inclination angle of a road is estimated. Using this road inclination angle, height difference of one walking step is estimated and this estimation is used to reduce height error. Through walking experiments on roads with different inclination angles, the usefulness of the proposed algorithm is verified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110808045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]],"date-time":"2011-08-15T10:36:49Z","timestamp":1313404609000},"page":"8045-8059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Height Compensation Using Ground Inclination Estimation in Inertial Sensor-Based Pedestrian Navigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sang Kyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-5383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Soo","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.3390\/s100403741","article-title":"Error Analysis in a Stereo Vision-Based Pedestrian Detection Sensor for Collision Avoidance Applications","volume":"10","author":"Llorca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-010-0517-9","article-title":"Hazardous Area Navigation with Temporary Beacons","volume":"8","author":"Eom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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