{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:10:13Z","timestamp":1760220613690,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>These days, with the emergence of the concept of ubiquitous computing, sensor networks that collect, analyze and process all the information through the sensors have become of huge interest. However, sensor network technology fundamentally has wireless communication infrastructure as its foundation and thus has security weakness and limitations such as low computing capacity, power supply limitations and price. In this paper, and considering the characteristics of the sensor network environment, we propose a group key agreement method using a keyset pre-distribution of two-dimension arrays that should minimize the exposure of key and personal information. The key collision problems are resolved by utilizing a polygonal shape\u2019s center of gravity. The method shows that calculating a polygonal shape\u2019s center of gravity only requires a very small amount of calculations from the users. The simple calculation not only increases the group key generation efficiency, but also enhances the sense of security by protecting information between nodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110908227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,30]],"date-time":"2011-08-30T06:04:23Z","timestamp":1314684263000},"page":"8227-8240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Study on Group Key Agreement in Sensor Network Environments Using Two-Dimensional Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Seung-Jae","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Soongsil University, Sangdo-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-743, Korea"}]},{"given":"Young-Gu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Soongsil University, Sangdo-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-743, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Hyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internet Information, Seoil University, Seoildaehak-gil 22, Jungnang-Gu, Seoul 131-702, Korea"}]},{"given":"Tai-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia, Hannam University, 133 Ojung-dong, 133 Ojeong-dong, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-791, Korea"}]},{"given":"Moon-Seog","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Soongsil University, Sangdo-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-743, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.93","article-title":"Guest editors\u2019 introduction: Overview of sensor networks","volume":"37","author":"Culler","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Comput"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Jolly, G, Kuscu, MC, Kokate, P, and Younis, M (July, January 30). A low-energy key management protocol for wireless sensor networks. Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Chan, H, Perrig, A, and Song, D (, January October). Random key-assignment for secure wireless sensor networks. Fairfax, VA, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eschenauer, L, and Gligor, V (2002, January 18\u201322). A key-management scheme for distributed sensor network. Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/586110.586117"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Chan, H, Perrig, A, and Song, D (2003, January 11\u201314). Random key pre-distribution schemes for sensor network. Berkeley, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, W, Deng, J, Han, Y, and Varshney, P (2003, January 27\u201330). A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks. Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/948109.948118"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Blom, R (1985). EUROCRYPT 84 Advances in Cryptology, Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, D, and Ning, P (2003, January 27\u201330). Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks. Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/948109.948119"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Deng, J, Han, R, and Mishra, S (, January October). Security support for in-network processing in wireless sensor networks. Fairfax, VA, USA."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, S, Setia, S, and Jajodia, S (2003, January 27\u201330). LEAP: Efficient security mechanism for large-scale distributed sensor network. Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/948109.948120"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perrig, A, Szewczyk, R, Wen, V, Culler, D, and Tygar, J (2001, January 16\u201321). SPINS: Security protocols for sensor networks. Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/381677.381696"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Perrig, A, Canetti, R, Song, D, and Tygar, JD (, January February). Efficient and secure source authentication for multicast. San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Perrig, A, Canetti, R, Tygar, J, and Song, D (, January May). Efficient authentication and signing of multicast streams over lossy channels. Oakland, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1006\/inco.2001.3044","article-title":"Quorum systems constructed from combinatorial designs","volume":"169","author":"Colbourn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inf. Comput"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Lang, SD, and Mao, LJ (1998, January 28\u201331). A torus quorum protocol for distributed mutual exclusion. Las Vegas, NV, USA."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/9\/8227\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:57:11Z","timestamp":1760219831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/11\/9\/8227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s110908227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s110908227","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]]}}}