{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:37:17Z","timestamp":1760243837687,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been studied in a variety of scenarios over recent years, but work has almost exclusively been done using air as the transmission media. In this article some of the challenges of deploying a WSN in a heterogeneous biomass, in this case silage, is handled. The dielectric constant of silage is measured using an open-ended coaxial probe. Results were successfully obtained in the frequency range from 400 MHz to 4 GHz, but large variations suggested that a larger probe should be used for more stable results. Furthermore, the detuning of helix and loop antennas and the transmission loss of the two types of antennas embedded in silage was measured. It was found that the loop antenna suffered less from detuning but was worse when transmitting. Lastly, it is suggested that taking the dielectric properties of silage into account during hardware development could result in much better achievable communication range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s110908295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,30]],"date-time":"2011-08-30T06:04:23Z","timestamp":1314684263000},"page":"8295-8308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect on Wireless Sensor Communication When Deployed in Biomass"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jakob Juul","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, P. O. Box 50, Tjele DK-8830, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, P. O. Box 50, Tjele DK-8830, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Esmaeil S.","family":"Nadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Thomas Skjodeberg","family":"Toftegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Building 1521, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"McDonald, P, Henderson, AR, and Heron, SJE (1991). The Biochemestry of Silage, Chalcombe Publications. [2nd ed]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"MacDonald, P, Edwards, R, Greenhalgh, JFD, and Morgan, CA (2002). Animal Nutrition, Pearson. [6th ed]. Chapter 19."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Green, O (2010). 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