{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:37:17Z","timestamp":1760243837014,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]],"date-time":"2011-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An acoustic electronic scanning array for acquiring images from a person using a biometric application is developed. Based on pulse-echo techniques, multifrequency acoustic images are obtained for a set of positions of a person (front, front with arms outstretched, back and side). Two Uniform Linear Arrays (ULA) with 15 l\/2-equispaced sensors have been employed, using different spatial apertures in order to reduce sidelobe levels. Working frequencies have been designed on the basis of the main lobe width, the grating lobe levels and the frequency responses of people and sensors. For a case-study with 10 people, the acoustic profiles, formed by all images acquired, are evaluated and compared in a mean square error sense. Finally, system performance, using False Match Rate (FMR)\/False Non-Match Rate (FNMR) parameters and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, is evaluated. On the basis of the obtained results, this system could be used for biometric applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s111009499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]],"date-time":"2011-10-10T15:07:35Z","timestamp":1318259255000},"page":"9499-9519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Performance Evaluation of a Biometric System Based on Acoustic Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Izquierdo-Fuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al y Comunicaciones e Ingenier\u00eda Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Bel\u00e9n 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Del Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al y Comunicaciones e Ingenier\u00eda Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Bel\u00e9n 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda I.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al y Comunicaciones e Ingenier\u00eda Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Bel\u00e9n 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8986-8177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan J.","family":"Villacorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al y Comunicaciones e Ingenier\u00eda Telem\u00e1tica, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo Bel\u00e9n 15, 47011, Valladolid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818349","article-title":"An Introduction to Biometric Recognition","volume":"14","author":"Jain","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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