{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:23:27Z","timestamp":1770434607310,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>F\u00f6rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from luminescent terbium complexes (LTC) as donors to semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as acceptors allows extraordinary large FRET efficiencies due to the long F\u00f6rster distances afforded. Moreover, time-gated detection permits an efficient suppression of autofluorescent background leading to sub-picomolar detection limits even within multiplexed detection formats. These characteristics make FRET-systems with LTC and QDs excellent candidates for clinical diagnostics. So far, such proofs of principle for highly sensitive multiplexed biosensing have only been performed under optimized buffer conditions and interactions between real-life clinical media such as human serum or plasma and LTC-QD-FRET-systems have not yet been taken into account. Here we present an extensive spectroscopic analysis of absorption, excitation and emission spectra along with the luminescence decay times of both the single components as well as the assembled FRET-systems in TRIS-buffer, TRIS-buffer with 2% bovine serum albumin, and fresh human plasma. Moreover, we evaluated homogeneous LTC-QD FRET assays in QD conjugates assembled with either the well-known, specific biotin-streptavidin biological interaction or, alternatively, the metal-affinity coordination of histidine to zinc. In the case of conjugates assembled with biotin-streptavidin no significant interference with the optical and binding properties occurs whereas the histidine-zinc system appears to be affected by human plasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s111009667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T10:41:24Z","timestamp":1318416084000},"page":"9667-9684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Terbium to Quantum Dot FRET Bioconjugates for Clinical Diagnostics: Influence of Human Plasma on Optical and Assembly Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Morgner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoPolyPhotonik, Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Polymerforschung, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Stufler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoPolyPhotonik, Fraunhofer Institut f\u00fcr Angewandte Polymerforschung, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gei\u00dfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalische Chemie, Universit\u00e4t Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor L.","family":"Medintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Russ","family":"Algar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bio\/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"},{"name":"College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimihiro","family":"Susumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan B.","family":"Blanco-Canosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cell Biology and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cell Biology and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niko","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Electronique Fondamentale, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud 11, Orsay Cedex 91405, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1039\/b924271f","article-title":"FRET for lab-on-a-chip devices\u2014Current trends and future prospects","volume":"10","author":"Varghese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1039\/B813919A","article-title":"Quantum dot-based resonance energy transfer and its growing application in biology","volume":"11","author":"Medintz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. 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