{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T20:56:52Z","timestamp":1781902612509,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Train wheel sets must be periodically inspected for possible or actual premature failures and it is very significant to record the wear history for the full life of utilization of wheel sets. This means that an online measuring system could be of great benefit to overall process control. An online non-contact method for measuring a wheel set\u2019s geometric parameters based on the opto-electronic measuring technique is presented in this paper. A charge coupled device (CCD) camera with a selected optical lens and a frame grabber was used to capture the image of the light profile of the wheel set illuminated by a linear laser. The analogue signals of the image were transformed into corresponding digital grey level values. The \u2018mapping function method\u2019 is used to transform an image pixel coordinate to a space coordinate. The images of wheel sets were captured when the train passed through the measuring system. The rim inside thickness and flange thickness were measured and analyzed. The spatial resolution of the whole image capturing system is about 0.33 mm. Theoretic and experimental results show that the online measurement system based on computer vision can meet wheel set measurement requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120100334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]],"date-time":"2011-12-30T08:44:36Z","timestamp":1325234676000},"page":"334-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Computer Vision Based Method and System for Online Measurement of Geometric Parameters of Train Wheel Sets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Chun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Fen","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2002.11666256","article-title":"Wear of railway wheel profiles a comparison between experimental results and a mathematical model","volume":"37","author":"Braghin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veh. Syst. Dyn"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1648(02)00114-X","article-title":"Measuring rail\/wheel contact points of running railway vehicles","volume":"253","author":"Kanehara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"138","article-title":"A system for dynamically measuring the geometric parameters of wheelset","volume":"29","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"China Railway Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, K.H., Zhu, F., Zhuang, F., and Yan, K. (2006, January 6\u20137). Online measuring method and system for diameter parameters of wheel set. Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20061024"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, K.H., Yan, K., and Zhang, J.H. (2005). Online measuring method of the wheel set wear based on CCD and image processing. Proc. SPIE, 5633.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.573042"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.F., Su, Y.L., Ren, Y.F., Jiang, F.C., Gao, Z., and Wang, G.Y. (2010). A novel method to measure wheelset parameters based on laser displacement sensor on line. Proc. SPIE, 7855.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.869408"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2010.05.006","article-title":"Denoising of sensor signals for the flange thickness measurement based on wavelet analysis","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z.F., Lu, C., Zhang, F.Z., Ren, Y.F., Yang, K., and Su, Z. (2011). A Novel Method for non-contact measuring diameter parameters of wheelset based on wavelet analysis. Optik.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2011.04.023"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Naumann, H.J. (1999). 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A Study of Three Dimension Machine Vision Scanning Measurement Technique. Ph.D. Thesis,."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/1\/334\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:58:32Z","timestamp":1760219912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/1\/334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s120100334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120100334","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,30]]}}}