{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T04:34:25Z","timestamp":1777437265401,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]],"date-time":"2012-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a complete traffic sign recognition system based on vision sensor onboard a moving vehicle which detects and recognizes up to one hundred of the most important road signs, including circular and triangular signs. A restricted Hough transform is used as detection method from the information extracted in contour images, while the proposed recognition system is based on Support Vector Machines (SVM). A novel solution to the problem of discarding detected signs that do not pertain to the host road is proposed. For that purpose infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) communication and a stereo vision sensor are used. Furthermore, the outputs provided by the vision sensor and the data supplied by the CAN Bus and a GPS sensor are combined to obtain the global position of the detected traffic signs, which is used to identify a traffic sign in the I2V communication. This paper presents plenty of tests in real driving conditions, both day and night, in which an average detection rate over 95% and an average recognition rate around 93% were obtained with an average runtime of 35 ms that allows real-time performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]],"date-time":"2012-01-30T11:10:39Z","timestamp":1327921839000},"page":"1148-1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Complete Vision-Based Traffic Sign Recognition Supported by an I2V Communication System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garrido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, Polytechnic School, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, Polytechnic School, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, Polytechnic School, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Pozuelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics Department, Polytechnic School, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gavil\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid 28871, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2007.895311","article-title":"Road-sign detection and recognition based on support vector machines","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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