{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:33:04Z","timestamp":1760243584780,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]],"date-time":"2012-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces a flexible hardware and software architecture for a smart video sensor. This sensor has been applied in a video surveillance application where some of these video sensors are deployed, constituting the sensory nodes of a distributed surveillance system. In this system, a video sensor node processes images locally in order to extract objects of interest, and classify them. The sensor node reports the processing results to other nodes in the cloud (a user or higher level software) in the form of an XML description. The hardware architecture of each sensor node has been developed using two DSP processors and an FPGA that controls, in a flexible way, the interconnection among processors and the image data flow. The developed node software is based on pluggable components and runs on a provided execution run-time. Some basic and application-specific software components have been developed, in particular: acquisition, segmentation, labeling, tracking, classification and feature extraction. Preliminary results demonstrate that the system can achieve up to 7.5 frames per second in the worst case, and the true positive rates in the classification of objects are better than 80%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]],"date-time":"2012-02-03T11:08:57Z","timestamp":1328267337000},"page":"1509-1528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Video Sensor Architecture for Surveillance Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jordi","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial (ai2), Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, C\/. de Vera, s\/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gin\u00e9s","family":"Benet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial (ai2), Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, C\/. de Vera, s\/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 E.","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial (ai2), Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, C\/. de Vera, s\/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1006\/rtim.2001.0273","article-title":"A new FPGA\/DSP-based parallel architecture for real-time image processing","volume":"8","author":"Batlle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Real-Time Imaging"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Collins, R., Lipton, A., Kanade, T., Fujiyoshi, H., Duggins, D., Tsin, Y., Tolliver, D., Enomoto, N., and Hasegawa, O. 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FPGA Based Controller for Heterogenous Image Processing System. Warsaw, Poland.","DOI":"10.1109\/DSD.2001.952366"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hengstler, S., and Aghajan, H. (2007, January 25\u201328). Application-Oriented Design of Smart Camera Networks. Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDSC.2007.4357500"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Lv, J., Chen, X., Gong, X., and Yang, C. (2007). Design of video processing and testing system based on DSP and FPGA. Proc. SPIE, 6723.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.783790"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, W.G., Luo, F.L., and Yu, X.Q. (2008, January 7\u20139). Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Image Processing System with Modularization and Extendibility. 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