{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:10:29Z","timestamp":1777929029339,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]],"date-time":"2012-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Initially described in 1990, Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44 served as the first whole-cell bioreporter genetically endowed with a bioluminescent (luxCDABE) phenotype directly linked to a catabolic (naphthalene degradative) pathway. HK44 was the first genetically engineered microorganism to be released in the field to monitor bioremediation potential. Subsequent to that release, strain HK44 had been introduced into other solids (soils, sands), liquid (water, wastewater), and volatile environments. In these matrices, it has functioned as one of the best characterized chemically-responsive environmental bioreporters and as a model organism for understanding bacterial colonization and transport, cell immobilization strategies, and the kinetics of cellular bioluminescent emission. This review summarizes the characteristics of P. fluorescens HK44 and the extensive range of its applications with special focus on the monitoring of bioremediation processes and biosensing of environmental pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]],"date-time":"2012-02-06T11:20:07Z","timestamp":1328527207000},"page":"1544-1571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44: Lessons Learned from a Model Whole-Cell Bioreporter with a Broad Application History"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Tr\u00f6gl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of the Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyn\u011b University in \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Kr\u00e1lova V\u00fd\u0161ina 3132\/7, 400 96 \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Ripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]},{"given":"Alice C.","family":"Layton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Kuncov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of ASCR, v.v.i., Rozvojov\u00e1 135, 165 02, Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Sayler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00321-1","article-title":"Bioreporters in microbial ecology","volume":"5","author":"Leveau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. 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