{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:51:55Z","timestamp":1777571515653,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies on fault detection and diagnosis of planetary gearboxes are quite limited compared with those of fixed-axis gearboxes. Different from fixed-axis gearboxes, planetary gearboxes exhibit unique behaviors, which invalidate fault diagnosis methods that work well for fixed-axis gearboxes. It is a fact that for systems as complex as planetary gearboxes, multiple sensors mounted on different locations provide complementary information on the health condition of the systems. On this basis, a fault detection method based on multi-sensor data fusion is introduced in this paper. In this method, two features developed for planetary gearboxes are used to characterize the gear health conditions, and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is utilized to fuse all features from different sensors. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are carried out on a planetary gearbox test rig, on which multiple accelerometers are mounted for data collection. The comparisons between the proposed method and the methods based on individual sensors show that the former achieves much higher accuracies in detecting planetary gearbox faults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120202005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T11:23:18Z","timestamp":1328872998000},"page":"2005-2017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["A Method Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for Fault Detection of Planetary Gearboxes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yaguo","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengjia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Detong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5981","DOI":"10.3390\/s110605981","article-title":"Application of composite dictionary multi-atom matching in gear fault diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2009.01.009","article-title":"Gear crack level identification based on weighted K nearest neighbor classification algorithm","volume":"23","author":"Lei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1403735","article-title":"Fourier series analysis of epicyclic gearbox vibration","volume":"124","author":"McNames","year":"2002","journal-title":"ASME J. Vib. Acoust"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Lei, Y.G., Lin, J., and He, Z.J. (June, January 30). Fault Level Identification of Planetary Gearboxes Based on Information Fusion. Stavanger, Norway."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1361\/154770206X99343","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of a planetary gear failure caused by tooth pitting and cracking","volume":"6","author":"Chaari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Fail. Anal. 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