{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T12:49:01Z","timestamp":1760705341746,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report an optical refractive index sensor system based on a planar Bragg grating which is functionalized by substituted \u03b3-cyclodextrin to determine low concentrations of naphthalene in solvent vapor. The sensor system exhibits a quasi-instantaneous shift of the Bragg wavelength and is therefore capable for online detection. The overall shift of the Bragg wavelength reveals a linear relationship to the analyte concentration with a gradient of 12.5 \u00b1 1.5 pm\/ppm. Due to the spectral resolution and repeatability of the interrogation system, this corresponds to acquisition steps of 80 ppb. Taking into account the experimentally detected signal noise a minimum detection limit of 0.48 \u00b1 0.05 ppm is deduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120202018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T11:17:45Z","timestamp":1329131865000},"page":"2018-2025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Highly Sensitive Detection of Naphthalene in Solvent Vapor Using a Functionalized PBG Refractive Index Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maiko","family":"Girschikofsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, W\u00fcrzburger Stra\u00dfe 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Rosenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, W\u00fcrzburger Stra\u00dfe 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Belle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, W\u00fcrzburger Stra\u00dfe 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Brutschy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Siegfried R.","family":"Waldvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Hellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, W\u00fcrzburger Stra\u00dfe 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-004-2895-4","article-title":"Direct optical sensors: Principles and selected applications","volume":"381","author":"Gauglitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. 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