{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:41:45Z","timestamp":1776919305611,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, fabrication of gold coated glass substrate, growth of ZnO nanorods and potentiometric response of lactic acid are explained. The biosensor was developed by immobilizing the lactate oxidase on the ZnO nanorods in combination with glutaraldehyde as a cross linker for lactate oxidase enzyme. The potentiometric technique was applied for the measuring the output (EMF) response of L-lactic acid biosensor. We noticed that the present biosensor has wide linear detection range of concentration from 1 \u00d7 10\u22124\u20131 \u00d7 100 mM with acceptable sensitivity about 41.33 \u00b1 1.58 mV\/decade. In addition, the proposed biosensor showed fast response time less than 10 s, a good selectivity towards L-lactic acid in presence of common interfering substances such as ascorbic acid, urea, glucose, galactose, magnesium ions and calcium ions. The present biosensor based on immobilized ZnO nanorods with lactate oxidase sustained its stability for more than three weeks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T11:22:02Z","timestamp":1329996122000},"page":"2456-2466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Electrochemical L-Lactic Acid Sensor Based on Immobilized ZnO Nanorods with Lactate Oxidase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zafar Hussain","family":"Ibupoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-60174, Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Syed Muhammad Usman Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-60174, Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Kimleang","family":"Khun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-60174, Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Willander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrk\u00f6ping, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-60174, Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1039\/b414248a","article-title":"Nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200503415","article-title":"Application of nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors and biosensors","volume":"18","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/00032710801912805","article-title":"Nanomaterials and analytical chemistry","volume":"41","author":"Valentini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. 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