{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:34:24Z","timestamp":1760243664471,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Failure detectors are one of the fundamental components for building a distributed system with high availability. In order to maintain the efficiency and scalability of failure detection in a complicated large-scale distributed system, accrual failure detectors that can adapt to multiple applications have been studied extensively. In this paper, an new accrual failure detector\u2014LA-FD with low system overhead has been proposed specifically for current mobile network equipment on the Internet whose processing power, memory space and power supply are all constrained. It does not rely on the probability distribution of message transmission time, or on the maintenance of a history message window. By simple calculation, LA-FD provides adaptive failure detection service with high accuracy to multiple upper applications. The related experiments and results have also been presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120505815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T16:09:10Z","timestamp":1336147750000},"page":"5815-5823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low-Overhead Accrual Failure Detector"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaozong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixit, M., and Casimiro, A. (2010, January 1\u20133). Adaptare-fd: A Dependability-Oriented Adaptive Failure Detector. New Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS.2010.24"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1145\/226643.226647","article-title":"Unreliable failure detectors for reliable distributed systems","volume":"43","author":"Chandra","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. ACM"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horita, Y., Taura, K., and Chikayama, T. (2005, January 13\u201314). A Scalable and Efficient Self-Organizing Failure Detector for Grid Applications. Tokyo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/GRID.2005.1542743"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavinia, A., Dobre, C., Pop, F., and Cristea, V. (2010, January 15\u201318). A Failure Detection System for Large Scale Distributed Systems. Krakow, Poland.","DOI":"10.1109\/CISIS.2010.29"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"655","article-title":"A service delivery platform based on p2p technology for converged networks","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Syst"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasin, M., Fontaine, S., and Bouchenak, S. (2008, January 7\u201311). Failure Detection in Large Scale Systems: A Survey. Bahia, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/NOMSW.2007.28"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"561","article-title":"On the quality of service of failure detectors","volume":"51","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bertier, M., Marin, O., and Sens, P. (2002, January 23\u201326). Implementation and Performance Evaluation of an Adaptable Failure Detector. Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Defago, X., Urban, P., Hayashibara, N., and Katayama, T. (July, January 28). Definition and Specification of Accrual Failure Detectors. Yokohama, Japan."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1145\/1773912.1773922","article-title":"Cassandra: A decentralized structured storage system","volume":"44","author":"Lakshman","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACM SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashibara, N., Defago, X., Yared, R., and Katayama, T. (2004, January 18\u201320). The \u03d5 Accrual Failure Detector. Florianopolis, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/RELDIS.2004.1353004"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Satzger, B., Pietzowski, A., Trumler, W., and Ungerer, T. (2007, January 12\u201315). Variations and Evaluations of an Adaptive Accrual Failure Detector to Enable Self-Healing Properties in Distributed Systems. Zurich, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gillen, M., Rohloff, K., Manghwani, P., and Schantz, R. (2007, January 14\u201316). Scalable, Adaptive, Time-Bounded Node Failure Detection. Dallas, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HASE.2007.9"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1145\/52325.52356","article-title":"Congestion avoidance and control","volume":"18","author":"Jacobson","year":"1988","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Satzger, B., Pietzowski, A., Trumler, W., and Ungerer, T. (2007, January 11\u201315). A New Adaptive Accrual Failure Detector for Dependable Distributed Systems. 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