{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T17:27:26Z","timestamp":1768411646095,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1336089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel measurement prototype based on a mobile vehicle that carries a laser scanning sensor is proposed. The prototype is intended for the automated measurement of the interior 3D geometry of large-diameter long-stepped pipes. The laser displacement sensor, which has a small measurement range, is mounted on an extended arm of known length. It is scanned to improve the measurement accuracy for large-sized pipes. A fixing mechanism based on two sections is designed to ensure that the stepped pipe is concentric with the axis of rotation of the system. Data are acquired in a cylindrical coordinate system and fitted in a circle to determine diameter. Systematic errors covering arm length, tilt, and offset errors are analyzed and calibrated. The proposed system is applied to sample parts and the results are discussed to verify its effectiveness. This technique measures a diameter of 600 mm with an uncertainty of 0.02 mm at a 95% confidence probability. A repeatability test is performed to examine precision, which is 1.1 \u00b5m. A laser tracker is used to verify the measurement accuracy of the system, which is evaluated as 9 \u00b5m within a diameter of 600 mm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120505824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T16:09:10Z","timestamp":1336147750000},"page":"5824-5834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An Automated Inner Dimensional Measurement System Based on a Laser Displacement Sensor for Long-Stepped Pipes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fumin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfei","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1108\/01439919710176372","article-title":"Automated pipe inspection robot","volume":"4","author":"Bright","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ind. Robot"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910710718432","article-title":"In-pipe robot for inspection and sampling tasks","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind. Rob"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-0136(02)00675-1","article-title":"The measurement and control of diameter in large-scale part processing","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mater. Process. Technol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/15397730701673296","article-title":"A novel design of in pipe robot for inner surface inspection of large size pipes","volume":"35","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mech. Based Des. Struct. Mach"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2006.12.004","article-title":"In-pipe inspection robot with active pipe-diameter adaptability and automatic tractive force adjusting","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mech. Mach. Theory"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2002.1000245","article-title":"State of the art in sensor technologies for sewer inspection","volume":"2","author":"Duran","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcn, A., and Kahmen, H. (1995). Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques III, Wichmann Verlag."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/12\/10\/310","article-title":"Design of a signal processing algorithm for error-minimized optical triangulation displacement sensors","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2007.04.009","article-title":"A new laser displacement sensor based on triangulation for gauge real-time measurement","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/9\/9\/004","article-title":"Non-contact laser inspection for the inner wall surface of a pipe","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/5\/5824\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:50:07Z","timestamp":1760219407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/5\/5824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s120505824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120505824","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]]}}}