{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T01:39:11Z","timestamp":1777340351328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]],"date-time":"2012-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate novel graphite-on-paper piezoresistive devices. The graphite was used as sensing component. The fabrication process can be finished in a short time with simple tools (e.g., a scissor and a pencil). A small array of six paper-based piezoresistive devices is made. The whole device is flexible. The test results showed that the change of resistance was proportional to the applied force. A paper-based weighing balance was also made as an example of applications. This novel array of paper-based piezoresistive devices will open wide applications in force and acceleration sensing areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120506685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]],"date-time":"2012-05-22T14:22:46Z","timestamp":1337696566000},"page":"6685-6694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Flexible Graphite-on-Paper Piezoresistive Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tian-Ling","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3390\/s7040473","article-title":"Design and development of a flexible strain sensor for textile structures based on a conductive polymer composite","volume":"7","author":"Cochrane","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8291","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908291","article-title":"A flexible strain sensor based on a conductive polymer composite for in situ measurement of parachute canopy deformation","volume":"10","author":"Cochrane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.01.076","article-title":"Flexible robotic retrograde renoscopy: Description of novel robotic device and preliminary laboratory experience","volume":"72","author":"Desai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deutsch, F. (1961). Flexible coupling and overload safety device. J. Sci. Instrum.","DOI":"10.1088\/0950-7671\/38\/10\/319"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01375-2","article-title":"Flexible input cannula in ventricular assist device","volume":"69","author":"Duarte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/11549703_7","article-title":"A flexible on-chip evolution system implemented on a xilinx virtex-ii pro device","volume":"3637","author":"Glette","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.25.285","article-title":"Flexible acoustic particle manipulation device with integrated optical waveguide for enhanced microbead assays","volume":"25","author":"Boltryk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7743","DOI":"10.1021\/la803413x","article-title":"Flexible microfluidic device for mechanical property characterization of soft viscoelastic solids such as bacterial biofilms","volume":"25","author":"Hohne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2010.2053695","article-title":"Flexible resistive switching memory device based on graphene oxide","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Electron. Dev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"55","article-title":"Flexible contact force sensing device using metal\/polymer multilayer structure for robotic applications","volume":"20","author":"Hwang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sens. Mater."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2010.09.010","article-title":"Flexible exchange of farming device data","volume":"75","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, H.Y., Kim, Y.I., Lee, J.Y., and Choi, S.Y. (2010). A low-temperature-grown tio(2)-based device for the flexible stacked rram application. Nanotechnology.","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/21\/11\/115203"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"074004:1","DOI":"10.1143\/APEX.1.074004","article-title":"Flexible field emission device using carbon nanofiber nanocomposite sheet","volume":"1","author":"Kawamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Express"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"06FK07:1","article-title":"A micromachined flexible hollow cathode discharge device","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.M., Nam, T., Lim, S.J., Seol, Y.G., Lee, N.E., Kim, D., and Kim, H. (2011). Atomic layer deposition zno:N flexible thin film transistors and the effects of bending on device properties. Appl. Phys. Lett., 98.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3577607"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2009.08.013","article-title":"The production of a flexible electroluminescent device on polyethylene terephthalate films using transparent conducting carbon nanotube electrode","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201101066","article-title":"Low-power flexible organic light-emitting diode display device","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(97)80100-8","article-title":"Laminated high-aspect-ratio microstructures in a conventional cmos process","volume":"57","author":"Fedder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1063\/1.123994","article-title":"Phonon scattering in silicon films with thickness of order 100 nm","volume":"74","author":"Ju","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17435","DOI":"10.1021\/la102627m","article-title":"Low-temperature preparation of highly conductive thin films from acrylic acid-stabilized silver nanoparticles prepared through ligand exchange","volume":"26","author":"Vo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-010-1118-5","article-title":"Micropatterning of sulfonated polyaniline using a soft lithography based lift-off process","volume":"16","author":"Ferrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microsyst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7254","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2010.2816","article-title":"Zno-nanowires\/pani inorganic\/organic heterostructure light-emitting diode","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2010.01.001","article-title":"Fabrication of high density nano-pillar type phase change memory devices using flexible aao shaped template","volume":"87","author":"Hong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.E93.C.1602","article-title":"Novel electrochromic polymer for electronic paper","volume":"E93\u2013C","author":"Kondo","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Electron."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1021\/nn2009535","article-title":"Graphene-on-paper sound source devices","volume":"5","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810903105","article-title":"Three-dimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape","volume":"105","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20161a","article-title":"Paper-based piezoresistive mems sensors","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/5\/6685\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:50:24Z","timestamp":1760219424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/5\/6685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s120506685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120506685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,22]]}}}