{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:26:42Z","timestamp":1791174402588,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,7]],"date-time":"2012-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Request-Response (RR) paradigm is widely used in ubiquitous systems to exchange information in a secure, reliable and timely manner. Nonetheless, there is also an emerging need for adopting the Publish-Subscribe (PubSub) paradigm in this kind of systems, due to the advantages that this paradigm offers in supporting mobility by means of asynchronous, non-blocking and one-to-many message distribution semantics for event notification. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of both the RR and PubSub paradigms to support communications in ubiquitous systems and proposes an abstract communication model in order to enable their seamless integration. Thus, developers will be focused on communication semantics and the required quality properties, rather than be concerned about specific communication mechanisms. The aim is to provide developers with abstractions intended to decrease the complexity of integrating different communication paradigms commonly needed in ubiquitous systems. The proposal has been applied to implement a middleware and a real home automation system to show its applicability and benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120607648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,7]],"date-time":"2012-06-07T11:01:10Z","timestamp":1339066870000},"page":"7648-7668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Communication Model to Integrate the Request-Response and the Publish-Subscribe Paradigms into Ubiquitous Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, E. T. S. I. I. T. University of Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawtar","family":"Benghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, E. T. S. I. I. T. University of Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Noguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, E. T. S. I. I. T. University of Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, E. T. S. I. I. T. University of Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, E. T. S. I. I. T. University of Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Ruiz-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Languages and Systems, E. T. S. I. I. T. University of Granada, C\/ Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda S\/N, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corradi, A., Lodolo, E., Monti, S., and Pasini, S. (2009, January 13\u201317). Dynamic Reconfiguration of Middleware for Ubiquitous Computing. London, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/1568173.1568176"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Corsaro, A., Querzoni, L., Scipioni, S., Tucci, S., and Virgillito, A. (2008). Global Data Management, IOS Press."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Saif, U., and Greaves, D. (2001., January 16\u201319). Communication Primitives for Ubiquitous Systems or RPC Considered Harmful. Phoenix, AZ, USA."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"371","article-title":"Reworking the RPC paradigm for mobile clients","volume":"1","author":"Bakre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mobile Netw. 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