{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T11:27:47Z","timestamp":1763551667135,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,26]],"date-time":"2012-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A compact annular ring microstrip antenna was proposed for a wireless sensor network (WSN) application in the 2.4 GHz band. In this paper the major considerations of the conformal antenna design were the compact size and the impact on antenna\u2019s performance of a steel installation base. By using a chip resistor of large resistance (120 \u03a9) the antenna size was reduced to 38% of that a conventional annular ring patch antenna. With the addition of the steel installation base the resonant frequency of the antenna increases about 4.2% and the bandwidth reduces from 17.5% to 11.7% by adjusting the load resistance simultaneously. Several key parameters were discussed and optimized, and the antenna was fabricated and its performance measured. The antenna is well matched at 2.4 GHz with 34.2 dB return loss and \u20132.5 dBi peak gain. Meanwhile, it exhibits excellent radiation patterns with very low cross-polarization levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120708663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T09:59:06Z","timestamp":1340791146000},"page":"8663-8674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Compact Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna for WSN Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Daihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanchang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.923307","article-title":"Design of miniaturized metamaterial patch antennas with u-negative loading","volume":"56","author":"Bilotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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