{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:11:33Z","timestamp":1760220693016,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]],"date-time":"2012-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In astronomy, the light emitted by an object travels through the vacuum of space and then the turbulent atmosphere before arriving at a ground based telescope. By passing through the atmosphere a series of turbulent layers modify the light\u2019s wave-front in such a way that Adaptive Optics reconstruction techniques are needed to improve the image quality. A novel reconstruction technique based in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is proposed. The network is designed to use the local tilts of the wave-front measured by a Shack Hartmann Wave-front Sensor (SHWFS) as inputs and estimate the turbulence in terms of Zernike coefficients. The ANN used is a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) trained with simulated data with one turbulent layer changing in altitude. The reconstructor was tested using three different atmospheric profiles and compared with two existing reconstruction techniques: Least Squares type Matrix Vector Multiplication (LS) and Learn and Apply (L + A).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120708895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,28]],"date-time":"2012-06-28T11:17:49Z","timestamp":1340882269000},"page":"8895-8911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["An ANN-Based Smart Tomographic Reconstructor in a Dynamic Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Francisco J. de Cos","family":"Juez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Engineering Area, Department of Exploitation and Exploration of Mines, University of Oviedo, c\/ Independencia No 13, Oviedo 33004, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7052-2811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando S\u00e1nchez","family":"Lasheras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Oviedo, Campus de Viesques, Gij\u00f3n 33204, Spain"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Roque\u00f1\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Engineering Area, Department of Exploitation and Exploration of Mines, University of Oviedo, c\/ Independencia No 13, Oviedo 33004, Spain"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Osborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Astro-Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/278.1.39","article-title":"Adaptive optics for astronomy: Theoretical performance and limitations","volume":"278","author":"Wilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mon. 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