{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T18:20:41Z","timestamp":1775326841497,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The surface layer of road pavement has a particular importance in relation to the satisfaction of the primary demands of locomotion, such as security and eco-compatibility. Among those pavement surface characteristics, the \u201ctexture\u201d appears to be one of the most interesting with regard to the attainment of skid resistance. Specifications and regulations, providing a wide range of functional indicators, act as guidelines to satisfy the performance requirements. This paper describes an experiment on the use of laser scanner techniques on various types of asphalt for texture characterization. The use of high precision laser scanners, such as the triangulation types, is proposed to expand the analysis of road pavement from the commonly and currently used two-dimensional method to a three-dimensional one, with the aim of extending the range of the most important parameters for these kinds of applications. Laser scanners can be used in an innovative way to obtain information on areal surface layer through a single measurement, with data homogeneity and representativeness. The described experience highlights how the laser scanner is used for both laboratory experiments and tests in situ, with a particular attention paid to factors that could potentially affect the survey.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120709110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T11:06:40Z","timestamp":1341313600000},"page":"9110-9128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Laser Scanning on Road Pavements: A New Approach for Characterizing Surface Texture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Bitelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DICAM, Department of Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DICAM, Department of Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DICAM, Department of Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Lantieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DICAM, Department of Civil, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"PIARC World Road Association (1987, January 13\u201319). Report of the Committee on Surface Characteristics. Brussels, Belgium."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Sandberg, U., and Descornet, G. (1980, January 8\u201310). Road Surface Influence on Tyre\/Road Noise\u2014Parts I and II. Miami, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Woodward, D. (2011, January 16\u201317). From Vehicle\/Surface Interaction to Quiet Surface Dressings. Liverpool, UK."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Henry, J.J. (2000). Evaluation of Pavement Friction Characteristics, Transportation Research Board."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flintsch, G.W., De Leon, E., McGhee, K.K., and Al-Qadi, I.L. (2003). Pavement Surface Macro-Texture Measurement and Application, Transportation Research Board.","DOI":"10.3141\/1860-19"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Simone, A., Vignali, V., Maglionico, M., and Bragalli, C. (2004, January 27\u201329). Surface Run-Off: A Rainfall Simulator for Wash-Off Modellingand Road Safety Auditing under Different Rainfall Intensities. Florence, Italy."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Choi, Y. (2011). Review of Skid Resistance and Measurement Methods, ARRB Group Limited. No. AP-T177\/11."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8667.2007.00479.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional surface texture characterization of portland cement concrete pavements","volume":"22","author":"Abbas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Civil Infrastr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2010.07.008","article-title":"3D surface profile equipment for the characterization of the pavement texture\u2014TexScan","volume":"20","author":"Fonseca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1631921","article-title":"A review of 20 years of range sensors development","volume":"13","author":"Blais","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/s90100568","article-title":"State-of-the-art and applications of 3D imaging sensors in industry, cultural heritage, medicine, and criminal investigation","volume":"9","author":"Sansoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7192","DOI":"10.3390\/s100807192","article-title":"A performance evaluation of triangulation based range sensors","volume":"10","author":"Guidi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Boscaino, G., Pratic\u00f2, F.G., and Vaiana, R. (2003, January 19\u201325). Spectral Texture Indicators Significance in Relation to Flexible Pavements Surface Performance. Durban, South Africa."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Boscaino, G., Pratic\u00f2, F.G., and Vaiana, R. (2004, January 6\u201310). Texture Indicators and Surface Performance Significance in Flexible Pavements\u2014SURF2004. Toronto, ON, Canada."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Guarnieri, A., Vettore, A., and Zanette, S. (2006, January 12\u201315). Analisi Della Risposta Di Un Laser Scanner Terrestre Al Variare Delle Caratteristiche Di Riflettivit\u00c0 Dei Materiali. Castellaneta Marina, Italy."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Guidi, G., Remondino, F., Morlando, G., Del Mastio, A., Uccheddu, F., and Pelagotti, A. (2007, January 9\u201312). Performances Evaluation of a Low Cost Active Sensor for Cultural Heritage Documentation. Zurich, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Blateyron, F. (2006, January 17\u201321). New 3D Parameters and Filtration Techniques for Surface Metrology. Tokyo, Japan."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/7\/9110\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:51:04Z","timestamp":1760219464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/7\/9110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s120709110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120709110","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]]}}}