{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T23:53:42Z","timestamp":1780358022188,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]],"date-time":"2012-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chemical contaminants in food have caused serious health issues in both humans and animals. Microarray technology is an advanced technique suitable for the analysis of chemical contaminates. In particular, immuno-microarray approach is one of the most promising methods for chemical contaminants analysis. The use of microarrays for the analysis of chemical contaminants is the subject of this review. Fabrication strategies and detection methods for chemical contaminants are discussed in detail. Application to the analysis of mycotoxins, biotoxins, pesticide residues, and pharmaceutical residues is also described. Finally, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120709234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]],"date-time":"2012-07-05T13:26:38Z","timestamp":1341494798000},"page":"9234-9252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Microarray Technology for Major Chemical Contaminants Analysis in Food: Current Status and Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6686-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiwu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China"},{"name":"Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(01)00136-4","article-title":"(Bio)sensors for measurement of analytes implicated in food safety: A review","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1021\/ac801736b","article-title":"Double-tagging polymerase chain reaction with a thiolated primer and electrochemical genosensing based on gold nanocomposite sensor for food safety","volume":"81","author":"Marques","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2005.0049dup","article-title":"Trace element chemistry in residual-treated soil: Key concepts and metal bioavailability","volume":"34","author":"Basta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.12.059","article-title":"Recent climate change in the Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trend data","volume":"342","author":"Macdonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1065\/espr2006.07.326","article-title":"Perfluorinated surfactants in surface and drinking water","volume":"13","author":"Skutlarek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2006.10.004","article-title":"Surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology: Part 2. Application aspects","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.07.030","article-title":"Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: An oestrogenic mycotoxin","volume":"45","author":"Zinedine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390601062021","article-title":"Emerging Fusarium-mycotoxins fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin\u2014A review","volume":"48","author":"Jestoi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030701552964","article-title":"LC-MS\/MS multi-method for mycotoxins after single extraction, with validation data for peanut, pistachio, wheat, maize, cornflakes, raisins and figs","volume":"25","author":"Spanjer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part A"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390500436185","article-title":"Strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination of food and animal feed: A review","volume":"46","author":"Kabak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1201","article-title":"A liposome-PCR assay for the ultrasensitive detection of biological toxins","volume":"24","author":"Mason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1610-7","article-title":"Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection","volume":"389","author":"Paya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7665","DOI":"10.1021\/ac061006v","article-title":"Multiresidue method for the determination of quinolone antibiotics in bovine raw milk by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"78","author":"Lara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20314","article-title":"The pivotal role of mass spectrometry in determining the presence of chemical contaminants in food raw materials","volume":"30","author":"Mohamed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2011.04.016","article-title":"Multiplex bioanalytical methods for food and environmental monitoring","volume":"30","author":"Raz","year":"2011","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0684467","article-title":"DNA biosensors and microarrays","volume":"108","author":"Sassolas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2008.0119","article-title":"Food microbial pathogen detection and analysis using DNA microarray technologies","volume":"5","author":"Rasooly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2010.11.056","article-title":"Microfluidic DNA microarray analysis: A review","volume":"687","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/10408410590921736","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for pathogen detection using DNA microarrays","volume":"31","author":"Call","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.3390\/s6080901","article-title":"Uses of dendrimers for DNA microarrays","volume":"6","author":"Caminade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1037","article-title":"Protein microarrays and proteomics","volume":"32","author":"MacBeath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(01)01910-2","article-title":"Protein microarray technology","volume":"20","author":"Templin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200390150","article-title":"Recent developments in protein microarray technology","volume":"42","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550600978358","article-title":"Bio-microarray fabrication techniques-a review","volume":"26","author":"Lucente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/s90100645","article-title":"Reduction of non-specific protein adsorption using Poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) modified Polyacrylate hydrogels in immunoassays for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B detection","volume":"9","author":"Charles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.02.025","article-title":"Microfluidic biochip for chemiluminescent detection of allergen-specific antibodies","volume":"23","author":"Heyries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9008463","article-title":"Microfluidic single-cell array cytometry for the analysis of tumor apoptosis","volume":"81","author":"Wlodkowic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1021\/ac900511e","article-title":"Electrochemical immunochip sensor for aflatoxin M(1) detection","volume":"81","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2009.11.028","article-title":"Sensitive giant magnetoresistive-based immunoassay for multiplex mycotoxin detection","volume":"25","author":"Mak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1021\/bm061197b","article-title":"Protein immobilization strategies for protein biochips","volume":"8","author":"Rusmini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-4973-8","article-title":"Imaging surface plasmon resonance for multiplex microassay sensing of mycotoxins","volume":"400","author":"Dorokhin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1021\/ac8023137","article-title":"Regenerable tethered bilayer lipid membrane arrays for multiplexed label-free analysis of lipid-protein interactions on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchips using SPR imaging","volume":"81","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2008.10.013","article-title":"An electrochemical immunosensor for ochratoxin A based on immobilization of antibodies on diazonium-functionalized gold electrode","volume":"54","author":"Radi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"28","article-title":"New techniques in monitoring water pollution-development of sonochemically fabricated microarrays for the determination of pollutants","volume":"25","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chim. Oggi Chem. Today"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2006.02.044","article-title":"Nano-topographic evaluation of highly disordered fractal-like structures of immobilized oligonucleotides using AFM","volume":"132","author":"Sawant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/15\/1\/016","article-title":"Hierarchy of DNA immobilization and hybridization on poly-l-lysine: An atomic force microscopy study","volume":"15","author":"Sawant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2010.02.040","article-title":"Sensitive detection of multiplex toxins using antibody microarray","volume":"401","author":"Lian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-3683-y","article-title":"Focus on quantum dots as potential fluorescent probes for monitoring food toxicants and foodborne pathogens","volume":"397","author":"Vinayaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.04.035","article-title":"A light scattering and fluorescence emission coupled ratiometry using the interaction of functional CdS quantum dots with aminoglycoside antibiotics as a model system","volume":"71","author":"Qie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.01.030","article-title":"Regenerable immuno-biochip for screening ochratoxin A in green coffee extract using an automated microarray chip reader with chemiluminescence detection","volume":"689","author":"Karsunke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030500070176","article-title":"DNA arrays, electronic noses and tongues, biosensors and receptors for rapid detection of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins: A review","volume":"22","author":"Logrieco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1021\/ac101193e","article-title":"Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection for DNA arrays based on silver nanoparticle aggregates","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2009.07.022","article-title":"Rapid detection of Salmonella in milk by electrochemical magneto-immunosensing","volume":"25","author":"Liebana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.3390\/s100403351","article-title":"Multiplexed electrochemical detection of Yersinia Pestis and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B using an antibody microarray","volume":"10","author":"Wojciechowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.10.039","article-title":"Simultaneous immobilization of glucose oxidase on the surface and cavity of hollow gold nanospheres as labels for highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay of tumor marker","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6416","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl738","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of RNA aptamer microarrays for the study of protein-aptamer interactions with SPR imaging","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200190b","article-title":"Patterned resonance plasmonic microarrays for high-performance SPR imaging","volume":"83","author":"Abbas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3390\/s9031339","article-title":"Toxin detection by surface plasmon resonance","volume":"9","author":"Hodnik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02773.x","article-title":"Fusarium ear blight (SCAB) in small-grain cereals\u2014A review","volume":"44","author":"Parry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9439","DOI":"10.3390\/s101009439","article-title":"Development of an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of aflatoxin m-1 in milk","volume":"10","author":"Paniel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.02.038","article-title":"Development of an impedimetric aflatoxin M1 biosensor based on a DNA probe and gold nanoparticles","volume":"26","author":"Dinckaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.10.109","article-title":"Recent developments and applications of surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the detection of mycotoxins in foodstuffs","volume":"132","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1021\/ac025631l","article-title":"A microarray immunoassay for simultaneous detection of proteins and bacteria","volume":"74","author":"Delehanty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0260185","article-title":"Nine-analyte detection using an array-based biosensor","volume":"74","author":"Taitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.04.007","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of 3D hydrogel microarrays to measure antigenicity and antibody functionality for biosensor applications","volume":"20","author":"Charles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2004.10.026","article-title":"Evanescent wave fluorescence biosensors","volume":"20","author":"Taitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2005.05.001","article-title":"Detection of bacterial toxins with monosaccharide arrays","volume":"21","author":"Ngundi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.06.010","article-title":"Attomolar protein detection in complex sample matrices with semi-homogeneous fluidic force discrimination assays","volume":"24","author":"Mulvaney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8881","DOI":"10.1021\/ac1016634","article-title":"Simultaneous Detection of Seven Staphylococcal Enterotoxins: Development of hydrogel biochips for analytical and practical application","volume":"82","author":"Rubina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5936","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200881q","article-title":"Etched glass microarrays with differential resonance for enhanced contrast and sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance imaging analysis","volume":"83","author":"Linman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201800","article-title":"A Platform for combined DNA and protein microarrays based on total internal reflection fluorescence","volume":"12","author":"Asanov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.3390\/s120202324","article-title":"A bioanalytical platform for simultaneous detection and quantification of biological toxins","volume":"12","author":"Weingart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1021\/ac070328b","article-title":"Microimmunoanalysis on standard compact discs to determine low abundant compounds","volume":"79","author":"Morais","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.01.006","article-title":"Competitive multi-immunosensing of pesticides based on the particle manipulation with negative dielectrophoresis","volume":"25","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1080\/00032710701327088","article-title":"Quantum dots as reporters in multiplexed immunoassays for biomarkers of exposure to agrochemicals","volume":"40","author":"Nichkova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1021\/ac102854z","article-title":"Sensitive and spatially multiplexed detection system based on dielectrophoretic manipulation of dna-encoded particles used as immunoreactions platform","volume":"83","author":"Yasukawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1139\/w03-095","article-title":"Biosensors for the detection of bacteria","volume":"50","author":"Deisingh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0849-8","article-title":"Optical immunosensors for environmental monitoring: How far have we come?","volume":"387","author":"Puchades","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, L., Zhang, W., Zer, C., Ge, K., Gao, X., and Kernstine, K.H. (2010). Protein microarray: Sensitive and effective immunodetection for drug residues. BMC Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-10-12"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2106-9","article-title":"A multianalyte ELISA for immunochemical screening of sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam antibiotics in milk samples using class-selective bioreceptors","volume":"391","author":"Adrian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2224-4","article-title":"Analytical prospect of compact disk technology in immunosensing","volume":"391","author":"Morais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.11.005","article-title":"Development of an open stand-alone platform for regenerable automated microarrays","volume":"24","author":"Kloth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1039\/b818299j","article-title":"Development of immunoassays to determinate sulfamethoxazole residues in wastewaters","volume":"11","author":"Brun","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1039\/b817836d","article-title":"A regenerable immunochip for the rapid determination of 13 different antibiotics in raw milk","volume":"134","author":"Kloth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7743","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901230v","article-title":"Label-free and multiplex detection of antibiotic residues in milk using imaging surface plasmon resonance-based immunosensor","volume":"81","author":"Raz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-011-0548-9","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of four different antibiotic residues in honey by chemiluminescence multianalyte chip immunoassays","volume":"173","author":"Wutz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/7\/9234\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:51:08Z","timestamp":1760219468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/7\/9234"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s120709234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120709234","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]]}}}