{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T21:33:18Z","timestamp":1784151198591,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inertial navigation systems and gravimeters are now routinely used to map the regional gravitational quantities from an aircraft with mGal accuracy and a spatial resolution of a few kilometers. However, airborne gravimeter of this kind is limited by the inaccuracy of the inertial sensor performance, the integrated navigation technique and the kinematic acceleration determination. As the GPS technique developed, the vehicle acceleration determination is no longer the limiting factor in airborne gravity due to the cancellation of the common mode acceleration in differential mode. A new airborne gravimeter taking full advantage of the inertial navigation system is described with improved mechanical design, high precision time synchronization, better thermal control and optimized sensor modeling. Apart from the general usage, the Global Positioning System (GPS) after differentiation is integrated to the inertial navigation system which provides not only more precise altitude information along with the navigation aiding, but also an effective way to calculate the vehicle acceleration. Design description and test results on the performance of the gyroscopes and accelerations will be emphasized. Analysis and discussion of the airborne field test results are also given.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120709336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T11:31:33Z","timestamp":1341574293000},"page":"9336-9348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["SGA-WZ: A New Strapdown Airborne Gravimeter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yangming","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne Vestergaard","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Torge, W. (1989). Gravimeter, Walter de Gruyter."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246X.2003.01748.x","article-title":"The alpine Swiss-French airborne gravity survey","volume":"152","author":"Verdun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1439860","article-title":"LaCoste and romberg stabilized platform shipboard gravity meter","volume":"32","author":"Lacoste","year":"1967","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Berzhitsky, V.N., and Bolotin, Y.V. (2002). GT-1A Inertial Gravimeter System: Results of Flight Tests, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Elieff, S., and Sander, S. (2004, January 15\u201319). AIRGrav Airborne Gravity Survey in Timmins, Ontario. 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Improving the Accuracy and Resolution of SINS\/DGPS Airborne Gravimetry. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calgary]."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Boedecker, G. (2004, January 5\u20138). SAGS4: The New StrapDown Airborne Gravimetry System Prototype. Potsdam, Germany."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Deurloo, R.A. (2011). Development of a Kalman Filter Integrating System and Measurement Models for a Low-cost Strapdown Airborne Gravimetry System. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Porto]."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2478.2005.00436.x","article-title":"Airborne gravimetry using a strapped-down LaCoste and Romberg air\/sea gravity meter system: A feasibility study","volume":"53","author":"Verdun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geophys. Prospect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sideris, M.G. (2001). Gravity, Geoid and Geodynamics 2000, International Association of Geodesy Symposia, Springer Verlag. Volume 123.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04827-6"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Schwarz, K.P., Li, Y.C., and Wei, M. (2, January 30). The Spectral Window for Airborne Gravity and Geoid Determination. Banff, AB, Canada."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/7\/9336\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:51:09Z","timestamp":1760219469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/7\/9336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s120709336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120709336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]]}}}