{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:23:20Z","timestamp":1771662200365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,2]],"date-time":"2012-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial pathogens pose an increasing food safety and bioterrorism concern. Current DNA detection methods utilizing sensitive nanotechnology and biosensors have shown excellent detection, but require expensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify DNA targets; thus, a faster, more economical method is still essential. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the ability of a gold nanoparticle-DNA (AuNP-DNA) biosensor to detect non-PCR amplified genomic Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) DNA, from pure or mixed bacterial culture and spiked liquid matrices. Non-PCR amplified DNA was hybridized into sandwich-like structures (magnetic nanoparticles\/DNA\/AuNPs) and analyzed through detection of gold voltammetric peaks using differential pulse voltammetry. Our preliminary data indicate that non-PCR amplified genomic DNA can be detected at a concentration as low as 100 ng\/mL from bacterial cultures and spiked liquid matrices, similar to reported PCR amplified detection levels. These findings also suggest that AuNP-DNA biosensors are a first step towards a viable detection method of bacterial pathogens, in particular, for resource-limited settings, such as field-based or economically limited conditions. Future efforts will focus on further optimization of the DNA extraction method and AuNP-biosensors, to increase sensitivity at lower DNA target concentrations from food matrices comparable to PCR amplified DNA detection strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120810487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,2]],"date-time":"2012-08-02T11:04:55Z","timestamp":1343905495000},"page":"10487-10499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Detection of Non-PCR Amplified S. enteritidis Genomic DNA from Food Matrices Using a Gold-Nanoparticle DNA Biosensor: A Proof-of-Concept Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sylvia A.","family":"Vetrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Whittier College, 13406 E. Philadelphia St., Whittier, CA 90608, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Huarng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 213 Farrall Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}]},{"given":"Evangelyn C.","family":"Alocilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, 213 Farrall Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020466","article-title":"Anthrax bioterrosim: Lessons learned and future directions","volume":"8","author":"Hughes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"USA Food and Drug Administration HACCP Principles. 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