{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:54:29Z","timestamp":1774364069417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Commercial standard gas generators are often complex and expensive devices. The objective of this research was to assess the performance of a simplified glass impinger system for standard gas generation from a permeation tube (PT) device. The performance of the impinger standard gas generation system was assessed for four aromatic VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene; BTEX) at varying flow rates (FR) of 50 to 800 mL\u00b7min\u22121. Because actual permeation rate (APR) values deviated from those computed by the manufacturer\u2019s formula (MPR), new empirical relationships were developed to derive the predicted PR (PPR) of the target components. Experimental results corrected by such a formula indicate that the compatibility between the APR and MPR generally increased with low FR, while the reproducibility was generally reduced with decreasing flow rate. Although compatibility between different PRs is at a relatively small and narrow FR range, the use of correction formula is recommendable for the accurate use of PT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120810964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T12:25:01Z","timestamp":1344428701000},"page":"10964-10979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Combined Application of Impinger System and Permeation Tube for the Generation of Volatile Organic Compound Standard Gas Mixtures at Varying Diluent Flow Rates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ki-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Susaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwoo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture, Science and Engineering, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Blacksmith Institute Available online: http:\/\/www.blacksmithinstitute.org\/wwpp2007\/finalReport2007.pdf (accessed on 19 August 2011)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/entity\/quantifying_ehimpacts\/countryprofilesebd.xls (accessed on 5 August 2011)."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.08.003","article-title":"A denuder\u2013impinger system with in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography\u2014Mass spectrometry for the determination of gaseous iodine-containing halogen species","volume":"1210","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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