{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:19:44Z","timestamp":1761765584670,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]],"date-time":"2012-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study develops and integrates an efficient knowledge-based system and a component-based framework to design an intelligent and flexible home health care system. The proposed knowledge-based system integrates an efficient rule-based reasoning model and flexible knowledge rules for determining efficiently and rapidly the necessary physiological and medication treatment procedures based on software modules, video camera sensors, communication devices, and physiological sensor information. This knowledge-based system offers high flexibility for improving and extending the system further to meet the monitoring demands of new patient and caregiver health care by updating the knowledge rules in the inference mechanism. All of the proposed functional components in this study are reusable, configurable, and extensible for system developers. Based on the experimental results, the proposed intelligent homecare system demonstrates that it can accomplish the extensible, customizable, and configurable demands of the ubiquitous healthcare systems to meet the different demands of patients and caregivers under various rehabilitation and nursing conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s120811154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]],"date-time":"2012-08-10T11:46:26Z","timestamp":1344599186000},"page":"11154-11186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Intelligent Knowledge-Based and Customizable Home Care System Framework with Ubiquitous Patient Monitoring and Alerting Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Han","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Wei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Yen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9005-5715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan-Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenq-Haur","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung-hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Development of internet based remote health and activity monitoring systems for the elders","volume":"24","author":"Kuo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2005.1561822","article-title":"Portable real-time homecare system design with digital camera platform","volume":"51","author":"Kao","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237208000878","article-title":"Infant monitoring system based on ARM embedded platform","volume":"20","author":"Tai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis. Comm."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/4233.737581","article-title":"A novel emergency telemedicine system based on wireless communication technology-AMBULANCE","volume":"2","author":"Pavlopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3844\/ajassp.2012.54.59","article-title":"An overview of research issues in the modern healthcare monitoring system design using wireless body area network","volume":"9","author":"Suresh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237205000342","article-title":"A new wireless-type physiological signal measuring system using a PDA and the bluetooth technology","volume":"17","author":"Chien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2006.888701","article-title":"A mobile care system with alert mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2008.0142","article-title":"Portable obstructive sleep apnea screening system using overnight ECG and a PDA-based wireless transmission system","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Telemed. J. e-Health."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237210002286","article-title":"A handheld electronic patient record using a new UML component-based architecture","volume":"22","author":"Chien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3390\/s120100489","article-title":"A wireless sEMG recording system and its application to muscle fatigue detection","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2008.19","article-title":"Ambient intelligence\u2014The next step for artificial intelligence","volume":"23","author":"Ramos","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghajan, H., Augusto, J.C., and Delgado, R.L.C. (2010). Human-Centric Interfaces for Ambient Intelligence, Elsevier Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374708-2.00024-3"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2004.7","article-title":"Inferring activities from interactions with objects","volume":"3","author":"Philipose","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6868","DOI":"10.3390\/s110706868","article-title":"Vision-based finger detection, tracking, and event identification techniques for multi-touch sensing and displaying systems","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8028","DOI":"10.3390\/s100908028","article-title":"Identifying and tracking pedestrians based on sensor fusion and motion stability predictions","volume":"10","author":"Musleh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7420","DOI":"10.3390\/s110807420","article-title":"Smart roadside system for driver assistance and safety warnings: Framework and applications","volume":"11","author":"Jang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.3390\/s120302373","article-title":"A vision-based driver nighttime assistance and surveillance system based on intelligent image sensing techniques and a heterogamous dual-core embedded system architecture","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"4669","article-title":"Effect of discretization method on the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Kaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Comp. Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"7131","article-title":"Classification of heart sounds based on the least squares support vector machine","volume":"7","author":"Guraksin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Comp. Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9361","DOI":"10.3390\/s111009361","article-title":"UniDA: Uniform device access framework for human interaction environments","volume":"11","author":"Varela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.3390\/s120101072","article-title":"Activity inference for ambient intelligence through handling artifacts in a healthcare environment","volume":"12","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(94)90040-X","article-title":"A methodology for evaluation of knowledge-based systems in medicine","volume":"6","author":"Clarke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(03)00043-5","article-title":"Knowledge management technologies and applications\u2014Literature review from 1995 to 2002","volume":"25","author":"Liao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1985.4767640","article-title":"Dynamic measurement of computer generated image segmentation","volume":"7","author":"Levine","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1098(199624)7:4<330::AID-IMA8>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"An integrated approach to document decomposition and structural analysis","volume":"7","author":"Niyogi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.07.040","article-title":"A knowledge-based system for extracting text-lines from mixed and overlapping text\/graphics compound document images","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1109\/6979.880969","article-title":"Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic monitoring system","volume":"1","author":"Cucchiara","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.05.010","article-title":"Expert system segmentation of face images","volume":"36","author":"Subasic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"5251","article-title":"A workflow based clinical decision support system through integration of clinical workflow and knowledge processing","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Comp. Inf. Control"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M1370","article-title":"Ten commandments for effective clinical decision support: Making the practice of evidence-based medicine a reality","volume":"10","author":"Bates","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2004.04.004","article-title":"Visions and strategies to improve evaluation of health information systems: Reflections and lessons based on the HIS-EVAL workshop in Innsbruck","volume":"73","author":"Ammenwerth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0394.2007.00431.x","article-title":"Knowledge-based treatment planning for adolescent early intervention of mental healthcare: A hybrid case-based reasoning approach","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"OMG Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification Available online: http:\/\/uml3.ru\/content\/omg-spec\/uml\/98-12-02.pdf (accessed on 9 July 2012)."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Chiang, C.Y., Chen, Y.L., Yu, C.W., Yuan, S.M., and Hong, Z.W. (September, January 29). An efficient component-based framework for intelligent home-care system design with video and physiological monitoring machineries. Kinmen, Taiwan."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCAT.2006.008671","article-title":"A real-time wavelet-based video compression approach to intelligent video surveillance systems","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC ISO\/IEC 15444\u20131: Information Technology-JPEG2000 Image Coding System, 2000. Available online: http:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/preview\/info_isoiec15444-1%7Bed2.0%7Den.pdf (accessed on 9 July 2012)."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1109\/30.920468","article-title":"The JPEG2000 still image coding system: An overview","volume":"46","author":"Christopoulos","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Koenen, R. Available online: http:\/\/web.itu.edu.tr\/\u223cpazarci\/mpeg4\/MPEG_Overview1_w2196.htm (accessed on 9 July 2012)."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/76.554415","article-title":"The MPEG-4 video standard verification model","volume":"7","author":"Sikora","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/8\/11154\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:51:44Z","timestamp":1760219504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/12\/8\/11154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s120811154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120811154","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]]}}}