{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:35:48Z","timestamp":1760243748573,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Games that use brainwaves via brain\u2013computer interface (BCI) devices, to improve brain functions are known as BCI serious games. Due to the difficulty of developing BCI serious games, various BCI engines and authoring tools are required, and these reduce the development time and cost. However, it is desirable to reduce the amount of technical knowledge of brain functions and BCI devices needed by game developers. Moreover, a systematic BCI serious game development process is required. In this paper, we present a methodology for the development of BCI serious games. We describe an architecture, authoring tools, and development process of the proposed methodology, and apply it to a game development approach for patients with mild cognitive impairment as an example. This application demonstrates that BCI serious games can be developed on the basis of expert-verified theories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s121115671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T11:37:24Z","timestamp":1352720244000},"page":"15671-15688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Development Architecture for Serious Games Using BCI (Brain Computer Interface) Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yunsick","family":"Sung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungeun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pildong, 3 Ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kyhyun","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pildong, 3 Ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Nijholt, A., Erp, J.B.F.V., and Heylen, D. 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