{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T19:37:11Z","timestamp":1769629031371,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the development of biotechnology, approaches based on antibodies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), active aryl hydrocarbon immunoassay (Ah-I) and other multi-analyte immunoassays, have been utilized as alternatives to the conventional techniques based on gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy for the analysis of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in environmental and biological samples. These screening methods have been verified as rapid, simple and cost-effective. This paper provides an overview on the development and application of antibody-based approaches, such as ELISA, Ah-I, and multi-analyte immunoassays, covering the sample extraction and cleanup, antigen design, antibody preparation and immunoanalysis. However, in order to meet the requirements for on-site fast detection and relative quantification of dioxins in the environment, further optimization is needed to make these immuno-analytical methods more sensitive and easy to use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s121216710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T12:46:59Z","timestamp":1354711619000},"page":"16710-16731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Immunoanalysis Methods for the Detection of Dioxins and Related Chemicals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Hualing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(93)90297-I","article-title":"Coplanar PCBs and PCDDs\/PCDFs in municipal waste incineration","volume":"27","author":"Sakai","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(01)00268-5","article-title":"Dechlorination and destruction of PCDD, PCDF and PCB on selected fly ash from municipal waste incineration","volume":"46","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(03)00762-8","article-title":"Development and validation of a method for analysis of \u201cdioxin-like\u201d PCBs in environmental samples from the steel industry","volume":"54","author":"Aries","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.04.026","article-title":"Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emissions from an industrial park clustered with metallurgical industries","volume":"161","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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