{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:26:34Z","timestamp":1772792794425,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]],"date-time":"2012-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the optimal implementation of three newly conceived sensors for both health and environmental applications, utilizing a wide range of detection methods and complex nanocomposites. The first one is inorganic and based on matrices of calcium oxide, the second is based on protein arrays and a third one is based on Langmuir-Blodgett laccase multi-layers. Special attention was paid to detecting substances significant to the environment (such as carbon dioxide) and medicine (drug administration, cancer diagnosis and prognosis) by means of amperometric, quartz crystal microbalance with frequency (QCM_F) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM_D) technologies. The resulting three implemented nanosensors are described here along with proofs of principle and their corresponding applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s121217112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]],"date-time":"2012-12-12T11:02:13Z","timestamp":1355310133000},"page":"17112-17127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prototypes of Newly Conceived Inorganic and Biological Sensors for Health and Environmental Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Nicolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Biophysics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Nanoworld Institute Fondazione EL.B.A. Nicolini, Bergamo 24100, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elbatech Srl, Marciana, Marciana 57030, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sartore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elbatech Srl, Marciana, Marciana 57030, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Bragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Biophysics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valter","family":"Bavastrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Biophysics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Spera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Biophysics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Pechkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Biophysics and Nanobiotechnology, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy"},{"name":"Nanoworld Institute Fondazione EL.B.A. Nicolini, Bergamo 24100, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.3390\/ma4081483","article-title":"Matrices for sensors from inorganic, organic, and biological nanocomposites","volume":"4","author":"Nicolini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5896","DOI":"10.3390\/s120505896","article-title":"Calcium oxide matrices and carbon dioxide sensors","volume":"12","author":"Bezerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.06.015","article-title":"Nanoproteomics enabling personalized nanomedicine","volume":"64","author":"Nicolini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. 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