{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:28:44Z","timestamp":1780496924818,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents the first characterization and modeling of dynamic propagation channels for human body communication (HBC). In-situ experiments were performed using customized transceivers in an anechoic chamber. Three HBC propagation channels, i.e., from right leg to left leg, from right hand to left hand and from right hand to left leg, were investigated under thirty-three motion scenarios. Snapshots of data (2,800,000) were acquired from five volunteers. Various path gains caused by different locations and movements were quantified and the statistical distributions were estimated. In general, for a given reference threshold \u00e8 = \u221210 dB, the maximum average level crossing rate of the HBC was approximately 1.99 Hz, the maximum average fade time was 59.4 ms, and the percentage of bad channel duration time was less than 4.16%. The HBC exhibited a fade depth of \u22124 dB at 90% complementary cumulative probability. The statistical parameters were observed to be centered for each propagation channel. Subsequently a Fritchman model was implemented to estimate the burst characteristics of the on-body fading. It was concluded that the HBC is motion-insensitive, which is sufficient for reliable communication link during motions, and therefore it has great potential for body sensor\/area networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s121217569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T11:10:39Z","timestamp":1355829039000},"page":"17569-17587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Dynamic Propagation Channel Characterization and Modeling for Human Body Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6079-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zedong","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-Cost Healthcare, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Testing and Technology Center for Industrial Products, Shenzhen 518067, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-Cost Healthcare, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-Cost Healthcare, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7033-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Low-Cost Healthcare, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2009.2032660","article-title":"A Survey on Wearable Sensor-Based Systems for Health Monitoring and Prognosis","volume":"40","author":"Pantelopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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